Increased interest in development of negative ions sources is related to the emergence of important applications of negative-ion beams. The list of those applications includes primarily tandem accelerators, including high-energy implantation and accelerator-based mass spectrometry, supercollimated beams, charge-exchange injection into cyclic accelerators and storage rings, charge-exchange extraction of beams from cyclotron, high-energy neutrals in plasma systems, charge-exchange of beams distribution, etc. Development of the sources of negative ions and their usage in academic research and industry are reviewed. Physical bases and designs of surface-plasma sources of negative ions alongside the history of their development are presented.

Correspondence should be addressed to Keywords: surface-plasma method, surface-plasma source, work function, negative ions, cesium, RF discharge PACS: 01.65.+g, 29.25.Ni, 52.80.Pi (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2019.04.038558 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2019/12/d/ 000518758100004 2-s2.0-85082016723 Citation: Dudnikov V G "Surface-plasma method for the production of negative ion beams" Phys. Usp. 62 1233–1267 (2019) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Received: 28th, February 2018, revised: 16th, February 2019, accepted: 17th, April 2019 Оригинал: Дудников В Г «Поверхностно-плазменный метод получения пучков отрицательных ионов» УФН 189 1315–1351 (2019); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2019.04.038558