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Reviews of topical problems


Measurements of the magnetic properties of conduction electrons


Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

We consider various methods and techniques of measuring electron magnetization and susceptibility, which are used in experimental condensed matter physics. The list of considered methods for macroscopic measurements includes magnetomechanic, electromagnetic, modulation-type, and thermodynamic methods based on chemical potential variation measurements. We also consider local methods of magnetic measurements based on spin Hall effects and nitrogen-substituted vacancies (NV-centers). Scanning probe magnetometers-microscopes are considered, such as the magnetic resonance force microscope, SQUID microscope, and Hall microscope. The review focuses on spin magnetization measurements of electrons in nonmagnetic materials and systems, particulary in low-dimensional electron systems in semiconductors and in nanosystems, which have come to the forefront in recent years.

Fulltext pdf (1.1 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.05.038771
Keywords: spin magnetization, spin susceptibility, conduction electrons, measurements of magnetic properties
PACS: 07.55.Jg, 75.70.−i, 85.75.−d (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.05.038771
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2021/1/b/
000632470400001
2-s2.0-85104177151
2021PhyU...64....3P
Citation: Pudalov V M "Measurements of the magnetic properties of conduction electrons" Phys. Usp. 64 3–27 (2021)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 4th, October 2019, revised: 2nd, May 2020, 22nd, May 2020

Оригинал: Пудалов В М «Измерение магнитных свойств электронов проводимости» УФН 191 3–29 (2021); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2020.05.038771

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