I. Introduction 401 II. Energy Levels of Paramagnetic Ions in Crystals 401 III. Relaxation Effects in Paramagnetic Crystals 408 IV. Quantum-Mechanical (Paramagnetic) Microwave Amplifiers (Masers) 415 V. Quantum -Mechanical Optical Oscillators and Amplifiers (Optical Masers) 420 VI. Conclusion 426 Literature References 426
PACS:76.30.Fc, 84.40.Ik, 42.50.Pq, 71.70.Jp (all) DOI:10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/ Citation: Karlov N V, Prokhorov A M, Kornienko L S, Manenkov A A, Zverev G M "Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics" Sov. Phys. Usp.5 401–429 (1962)
@article{Karlov:1962,author = {N. V. Karlov and A. M. Prokhorov and L. S. Kornienko and A. A. Manenkov and G. M. Zverev},title = {Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics},publisher = {Physics-Uspekhi},year = {1962},journal = {Phys. Usp.},volume = {5},number = {3},pages = {401-429},url = {https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/},doi = {10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424}}