I. Introduction 401 II. Energy Levels of Paramagnetic Ions in Crystals 401 III. Relaxation Effects in Paramagnetic Crystals 408 IV. Quantum-Mechanical (Paramagnetic) Microwave Amplifiers (Masers) 415 V. Quantum -Mechanical Optical Oscillators and Amplifiers (Optical Masers) 420 VI. Conclusion 426 Literature References 426
PACS:76.30.Fc, 84.40.Ik, 42.50.Pq, 71.70.Jp (all) DOI:10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/ Citation: Karlov N V, Prokhorov A M, Kornienko L S, Manenkov A A, Zverev G M "Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics" Sov. Phys. Usp.5 401–429 (1962)
%0 Journal Article
%T Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics
%A N. V. Karlov
%A A. M. Prokhorov
%A L. S. Kornienko
%A A. A. Manenkov
%A G. M. Zverev
%I Physics-Uspekhi
%D 1962
%J Phys. Usp.
%V 5
%N 3
%P 401-429
%U https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/
%U https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424