Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics

N.V. Karlov^a, A.M. Prokhorov^a, L.S. Kornienko, A.A. Manenkov^a, G.M. Zverev
^aProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

I. Introduction 401
II. Energy Levels of Paramagnetic Ions in Crystals 401
III. Relaxation Effects in Paramagnetic Crystals 408
IV. Quantum-Mechanical (Paramagnetic) Microwave Amplifiers (Masers) 415
V. Quantum -Mechanical Optical Oscillators and Amplifiers (Optical Masers) 420
VI. Conclusion 426
Literature References 426

PACS: 76.30.Fc, 84.40.Ik, 42.50.Pq, 71.70.Jp (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/
Citation: Karlov N V, Prokhorov A M, Kornienko L S, Manenkov A A, Zverev G M "Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics" Sov. Phys. Usp. 5 401–429 (1962)

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RT Journal
T1 Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics
A1 Karlov,N.V.
A1 Prokhorov,A.M.
A1 Kornienko,L.S.
A1 Manenkov,A.A.
A1 Zverev,G.M.
PB Physics-Uspekhi
PY 1962
FD 10 Mar, 1962
JF Physics-Uspekhi
JO Phys. Usp.
VO 5
IS 3
SP 401-429
DO 10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424
LK https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/

Оригинал: Зверев Г М, Карлов Н В, Корниенко Л С, Маненков А А, Прохоров А М «Применение парамагнитных кристаллов в квантовой электронике» УФН 77 61–108 (1962); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0077.196205b.0061