I. Introduction 401 II. Energy Levels of Paramagnetic Ions in Crystals 401 III. Relaxation Effects in Paramagnetic Crystals 408 IV. Quantum-Mechanical (Paramagnetic) Microwave Amplifiers (Masers) 415 V. Quantum -Mechanical Optical Oscillators and Amplifiers (Optical Masers) 420 VI. Conclusion 426 Literature References 426
PACS:76.30.Fc, 84.40.Ik, 42.50.Pq, 71.70.Jp (all) DOI:10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/ Citation: Karlov N V, Prokhorov A M, Kornienko L S, Manenkov A A, Zverev G M "Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics" Sov. Phys. Usp.5 401–429 (1962)
TY JOUR
TI Application of paramagnetic crystals in quantum electronics
AU Karlov, N. V.
AU Prokhorov, A. M.
AU Kornienko, L. S.
AU Manenkov, A. A.
AU Zverev, G. M.
PB Physics-Uspekhi
PY 1962
JO Physics-Uspekhi
JF Physics-Uspekhi
JA Phys. Usp.
VL 5
IS 3
SP 401-429
UR https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1962/3/b/
ER https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1962v005n03ABEH003424