Broadband integrated optical modulators: achievements and prospects

V.M. Petrov^†^a, P.M. Agruzov^‡^b, V.V. Lebedev^§^b, I.V. Il’ichev^*^b, A.V. Shamray^#^b
^aITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
^bIoffe Institute, ul. Polytekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation

Broadband integrated optical modulators are key elements of modern optical information systems. The three main technological material platforms for their manufacture are considered: lithium niobate, III—V semiconductors, and silicon. Progress achieved in the development of integrated optical modulators is analyzed, and the main parameters of modulators obtained for various materials are compared with requirements for practical applications. Directions in the further development of the technology of modulators related to new problems in optical information systems are discussed.

Keywords: electro-optic effect, microwave integrated optical modulators
PACS: 42.79.−e, 42.79.Hp, 78.20.Ls (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.11.038871
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2021/7/d/
Web of Science

000702491600004
Scopus

2-s2.0-85116881680
ADS NASA

2021PhyU...64..722P
Citation: Petrov V M, Agruzov P M, Lebedev V V, Il’ichev I V, Shamray A V "Broadband integrated optical modulators: achievements and prospects" Phys. Usp. 64 722–739 (2021)

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Received: 20th, May 2020, revised: 16th, November 2020, accepted: 18th, November 2020

Оригинал: Петров В М, Агрузов П М, Лебедев В В, Ильичев И В, Шамрай А В «Широкополосные интегрально-оптические модуляторы: достижения и перспективы развития» УФН 191 760–780 (2021); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2020.11.038871