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Tunneling features in semiconductor nanostructuresa Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation b HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation c Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobevy Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation The most telling scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) data available on the influence of nonequilibrium tunneling effects and electronic spectra reconstruction are reviewed and theoretically explained by self-consistently considering the nonequilibrium electron distribution and the change (due to the tunneling current) in the electron density of states near the tunneling junction. The paper discusses the basic ideas of self-consistent tunneling theory, which forms the basis for experimental research and which allows many effects observed in STM/STS experiments to be explained as well as new phenomena to be predicted.
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