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Optical quantum memory on atomic ensembles: physical principles, experiments and possibilities of application in a quantum repeatera Kazan Quantum Center, Kazan National Research Technical University, K. Marx Str. 10, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation b Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russian Federation c R&D Center JSC, Bolshoy Balkansky Lane 20, Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation d Russian Academy of Sciences, China Branch of BRICS Institute of Future Networks, Shenzhen, China We review protocols for atomic ensemble-based optical quantum memories and their experimental implementation. Our special focus is on quantum memories in rare-earth ions doped crystals with long optical and spin coherence lifetimes based on slow light and photon-echo. Current challenges and methods for obtaining high-performance quantum memory are outlined and critically analyzed. The strategies for improving optical quantum memory for application in optical quantum repeaters are discussed.
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