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Unipolar pulse of an electromagnetic field with uniform motion of a charge in a vacuum

† 
Ioffe Institute, ul. Polytekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation

Progress in the generation of extremely short pulses of electromagnetic radiation makes the question of the properties of the limiting form of their shortening — unipolar pulses with a significant zero-frequency component of the spectrum, that is, the electric area of the pulse — relevant. Recently, it has been established that it is the electric area that determines the effectiveness of the impact of extremely short pulses on micro-objects. At the same time, unipolar pulses have a number of unusual properties, which makes some researchers doubt the possibility of their existence and propagation. Here, we show that a uniformly moving relativistic electric charge creates a short unipolar pulse of the electromagnetic field. Unipolarity is realized as well for transition radiation. We also present the unipolarity condition for a pair of charges — a dipole — and for a more general system of moving charges. This confirms the reality of unipolar electromagnetic pulses, which are promising for applications of extremely short pulses.

Fulltext pdf (184 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2022.12.039297
Keywords: unipolar electromagnetic pulses, pulse electric area, field of moving electric charges
PACS: 41.20.Jb, 41.75.Ht, 42.65.Re (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2022.12.039297
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2023/10/g/
001112744100007
2-s2.0-85182898670
2023PhyU...66.1059R
Citation: Rosanov N N "Unipolar pulse of an electromagnetic field with uniform motion of a charge in a vacuum" Phys. Usp. 66 1059–1064 (2023)
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Received: 16th, June 2022, revised: 1st, September 2022, 13th, December 2022

Оригинал: Розанов Н Н «Униполярный импульс электромагнитного поля при равномерном движении заряда в вакууме» УФН 193 1127–1133 (2023); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2022.12.039297

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