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Balloon studies of cosmic rays at the Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS

† , ‡ , § 
Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Regular measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere have been performed at the Lebedev Physical Institute„ since 1957. These experiments are briefly described. In the atmosphere, secondary fluxes of charged particles are detected, which are mainly (more than 99%) produced by primary protons and nuclei. Long-term (11- and 22-year) changes in cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere produced by primary protons and nuclei and in primary electron fluxes are analyzed. Data on primary electrons are obtained using high-altitude balloons and satellites. The analysis shows that the time depend„ences of positively and negatively charged particles in the heliosphere have the same form, i.e., they are modulated in the same way. This result contradicts the generally accepted model of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere, which should be significantly modified.

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Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.06.039215
Keywords: cosmic rays, solar activity, heliosphere, modulation
PACS: 96.50.S−, 96.50.Xy, 96.60.lv (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.06.039215
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/9/g/
001099189500006
2-s2.0-85182884689
2022PhyU...65..986S
Citation: Stozhkov Yu I, Ìàkhmutov V S, Svirzhevsky N S "Balloon studies of cosmic rays at the Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS" Phys. Usp. 65 986–994 (2022)
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Received: 18th, April 2021, 16th, June 2021

Îðèãèíàë: Ñòîæêîâ Þ È, Ìàõìóòîâ Â Ñ, Ñâèðæåâñêèé Í Ñ «Èññëåäîâàíèÿ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé íà áàëëîíàõ â Ôèçè÷åñêîì èíñòèòóòå èì. Ï.Í. Ëåáåäåâà ÐÀÍ» ÓÔÍ 192 1054–1063 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2021.06.039215

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