Regular measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere have been performed at the Lebedev Physical Institute„ since 1957. These experiments are briefly described. In the atmosphere, secondary fluxes of charged particles are detected, which are mainly (more than 99%) produced by primary protons and nuclei. Long-term (11- and 22-year) changes in cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere produced by primary protons and nuclei and in primary electron fluxes are analyzed. Data on primary electrons are obtained using high-altitude balloons and satellites. The analysis shows that the time depend„ences of positively and negatively charged particles in the heliosphere have the same form, i.e., they are modulated in the same way. This result contradicts the generally accepted model of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere, which should be significantly modified.

Keywords: cosmic rays, solar activity, heliosphere, modulation PACS: 96.50.S−, 96.50.Xy, 96.60.lv (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.06.039215 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/9/g/ 001099189500006 2-s2.0-85182884689 2022PhyU...65..986S Citation: Stozhkov Yu I, Маkhmutov V S, Svirzhevsky N S "Balloon studies of cosmic rays at the Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS" Phys. Usp. 65 986–994 (2022) BibTexBibNote ® (generic) BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks TY JOUR TI Balloon studies of cosmic rays at the Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS AU Stozhkov, Yu. I. AU Маkhmutov, V. S. AU Svirzhevsky, N. S. PB Physics-Uspekhi PY 2022 JO Physics-Uspekhi JF Physics-Uspekhi JA Phys. Usp. VL 65 IS 9 SP 986-994 UR https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/9/g/ ER https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNe.2021.06.039215 Received: 18th, April 2021, accepted: 16th, June 2021 Оригинал: Стожков Ю И, Махмутов В С, Свиржевский Н С «Исследования космических лучей на баллонах в Физическом институте им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН» УФН 192 1054–1063 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2021.06.039215