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# Topological defects in active liquid crystals

Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA

A wide class of out-of-equilibrium systems comprised of interacting self-propelled agents is termed active matter. The most relevant examples include suspensions of microscopic swimming organisms (bacteria, sperm cells, or unicellular algae), synthetic catalytic nanomotors, colloidal self-propelled Janus particles, and even macroscopic bird flocks, fish schools, or human crowds. The simplest and most studied realization of active matter is a suspension of microscopic swimmers, such as motile microorganisms or self-phoretic colloids. A liquid crystal, a highly-structured anisotropic environment with local molecular ordering, "doped" by a small amount of active component yields an interesting class of non-equilibrium materials with novel optical and mechanical properties. Singularities of local molecular orientation, or topological defects, play an important role in the spatiotemporal organization of active liquid crystals. This study surveys the most recent experimental and theoretical advances in the field of active liquid crystals and highlights connections with other nonequilibrium physical and biological systems.

 Fulltext is available at IOP
Keywords: microswimmers, liquid crystals, topological defects, active matter, collective motion
PACS: 42.70.Df, 47.20.−k, 47.63.Gd (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2018.10.038433
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2019/9/c/
Citation: Aranson I S "Topological defects in active liquid crystals" Phys. Usp. 62 892–909 (2019)
 BibTexBibNote ® (generic) BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks TY JOUR TI Topological defects in active liquid crystals AU Aranson, I. S. PB Physics-Uspekhi PY 2019 JO Physics-Uspekhi JF Physics-Uspekhi JA Phys. Usp. VL 62 IS 9 SP 892-909 UR https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2019/9/c/ ER https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNe.2018.10.038433

Received: 7th, July 2018, revised: 22nd, September 2018, 4th, October 2018

Îðèãèíàë: Àðàíñîí È Ñ «Òîïîëîãè÷åñêèå äåôåêòû â àêòèâíûõ æèäêèõ êðèñòàëëàõ» ÓÔÍ 189 955–975 (2019); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2018.10.038433

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