V A Fock, in 1926, was the first to have the idea of an Abelian gradient transformation and to discover that the electromagnetic interaction of charged particles has a gradient invariance in the framework of quantum mechanics. These transformation and invariance were respectively named Eichtransformation and Eichinvarianz by H Weyl in 1929 (the German verb zu eichen means to gauge). The first non-Abelian gauge theory was suggested by O. Klein in 1938, and in 1954, C N Yang and R L Mills rediscovered the non-Abelian gauge symmetry. Gauge invariance is the underlying principle of the current Standard Model of strong and electroweak interactions.

PACS: 01.65.+g, 11.15.−q, 11.30.−j (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0180.201008g.0871 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2010/8/g/ 000284266400007 2-s2.0-78649535962 2010PhyU...53..835O Citation: Okun L B "V A Fock and gauge symmetry" Phys. Usp. 53 835–837 (2010) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Оригинал: Окунь Л Б «В.А. Фок и калибровочная симметрия» УФН 180 871–873 (2010); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0180.201008g.0871 V.A. Fok is author of Physics-Uspekhi