RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2008

 / 

April

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Cluster temperature. Methods for its measurement and stabilization


Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Fizicheskaya 5, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation

Cluster temperature is an important material parameter essential to many physical and chemical processes involving clusters and cluster beams. Because of the diverse methods by which clusters can be produced, excited, and stabilized, and also because of the widely ranging values of atomic and molecular binding energies (approximately from 10-5 to 10 eV) and numerous energy relaxation channels in clusters, cluster temperature (internal energy) ranges from 10-3 to about 108 K. This paper reviews research on cluster temperature and describes methods for its measurement and stabilization. The role of cluster temperature in and its influence on physical and chemical processes is discussed. Results on the temperature dependence of cluster properties are presented. The way in which cluster temperature relates to cluster structure and to atomic and molecular interaction potentials in clusters is addressed. Methods for strong excitation of clusters and channels for their energy relaxation are discussed. Some applications of clusters and cluster beams are considered.

Fulltext pdf (1.8 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU2008v051n04ABEH006421
PACS: 32.80.−t, 34.50.−s, 36.40.−c, 43.25.Cb, 79.20.Rf, 81.07.−b (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU2008v051n04ABEH006421
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2008/4/a/
000258187900001
2-s2.0-49249138501
2008PhyU...51..319M
Citation: Makarov G N "Cluster temperature. Methods for its measurement and stabilization" Phys. Usp. 51 319–353 (2008)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Макаров Г Н «Кластерная температура. Методы ее измерения и стабилизации» УФН 178 337–376 (2008); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0178.200804a.0337

References (517) ↓ Cited by (59) Similar articles (20)

  1. Pauly H Atom, Molecule, And Cluster Beams Vol. 2 Cluster Beams, Fast And Slow Beams, Accessory Equipment And Applications ((Springer Ser. on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Phys., Vol. 32)) (Berlin: Springer, 2000)
  2. Scoles G (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. Vol. 1 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988)
  3. Scoles G (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. Vol. 2 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)
  4. Jena P, Khanna S N, Rao B K (Eds) Physics And Chemistry Of Finite Systems: From Clusters To Crystals (NATO ASI Series. Ser. C, Vol. 374) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1992)
  5. Jortner J, Pullman A, Pullman B (Eds) Large Finite Systems (The Jerusalem Symp. on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vol. 20) (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1987)
  6. Sugano S, Nishina Y, Ohnishi S (Eds) Microclusters (Springer Ser. in Materials Science, Vol. 4) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987)
  7. Takagi T Ionized-Cluster Beam Deposition And Epitaxy (Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publ., 1988)
  8. Benedek G, Martin T P, Pacchioni G (Eds) Elemental And Molecular Clusters (Springer Ser. in Materials Science, Vol. 6) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988)
  9. Aleksandrov M L, Kusner Yu S Gazodinamicheskie Molekulyarnye, Ionnye i Klastirovannye Puchki (Otv. red. E P Velikhov) (L.: Nauka, 1989)
  10. Bernstein E R (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Clusters (Studies in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vol. 68) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990)
  11. Billups W E, Giufolini M A (Eds) Buckminsterfullerenes (New York: VCH, 1993)
  12. Haberland H (Ed.) Clusters Of Atoms And Molecules : Theory, Experiment, And Clysters Of Atoms (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol. 52) (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1994)
  13. Klabunde K J Free Atoms, Clusters, And Nanoscale Particles (San Diego: Academic Press, 1994)
  14. Kondow T, Kaya K, Terasaki A (Eds) Structure And Dynamics Of Clusters (Frontiers Science Ser., Vol. 16) (Tokyo: Univ. Acad. Press, 1996)
  15. Martin T P (Ed.) Large Clusters Of Atoms And Molecules (NATO ASI Series, Ser. E, Vol. 313) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad., 1996)
  16. Yoshimura S, Chang R P H Supercarbon : Synthesis, Properties, And Applications (Springer Ser. in Materials Science, Vol. 33) (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1998)
  17. Hirsch A Fullerenes And Related Structures (Topics in Current Chemistry, Vol. 199) (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1998)
  18. Smirnov B M Clusters And Small Particles : In Gases And Plasmas (New York: Springer, 2000)
  19. Campargue R (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Beams : The State Of The Art 2000 (Berlin: Springer, 2001)
  20. Lakhno V D Klastery v Fizike, Khimii, Biologii (Izhevsk: RKhD, 2001)
  21. Havenith-Newen M Infrared Spectroscopy Of Molecular Clusters : An Introduction To Intermolecular Forces (Berlin: Springer, 2002)
  22. Hagena O F "Cluster beams from nozzle sources" Molecular Beams And Low Density Gasdynamics (Gasdynamics, Vol. 4, Ed. P P Wegener) (New York: M. Dekker, 1974)
  23. Becker E W Z. Phys. D 3 101 (1986)
  24. Hagena O F Z. Phys. D 4 291 (1987)
  25. Miller D E "Free jet sources" Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988) p. 14
  26. Kappes M, Leutwyler S "Molecular beams of clusters" Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988) p. 380
  27. Huisken F Adv. Chem. Phys. 81 63 (1992)
  28. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 162 (1) 119 (1992); Smirnov B M Sov. Phys. Usp. 35 37 (1992)
  29. Miller R E "Infrared laser spectroscopy" Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 2 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992) p. 192
  30. de Heer W A Rev. Mod. Phys. 65 611 (1993)
  31. Eletskii A V, Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 163 (2) 33 (1993); Eletskii A V, Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 36 202 (1993)
  32. Buck U J. Phys. Chem. 98 5190 (1994)
  33. Buck U, in Advances In Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Vol. 35 (Eds B Bederson, H Walther) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995) p. 121
  34. Eletskii A V, Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 165 977 (1995); Eletskii A V, Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 38 935 (1995)
  35. Alivisatos A P J. Phys. Chem. 100 13226 (1996)
  36. Bacic Z, Miller R E J. Phys. Chem. 100 12945 (1996)
  37. Castleman A W (Jr), Bowen K H (Jr) J. Phys. Chem. 100 12911 (1996)
  38. Gspann J Large Clusters Of Atoms And Molecules (NATO ASI Series, Ser. E, Vol. 313, Ed. T P Martin) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad., 1996)
  39. Kohler B et al. Adv. Chem. Phys. 101 83 (1997)
  40. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 167 945 (1997); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 40 899 (1997)
  41. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 167 1169 (1997); Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 40 1117 (1997)
  42. Valbusa U "Molecular beams in high-energy physics: beam targets" Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988) p. 438
  43. Christen W, Even U J. Phys. Chem. A 102 9420 (1998)
  44. Herschbach D Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 S411 (1999)
  45. Smolli R E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 168 323 (1998); Smalley R E Rev. Mod. Phys. 69 723 (1997)
  46. Kerl R F Usp. Fiz. Nauk 168 331 (1998); Curl R F Rev. Mod. Phys. 69 691 (1997)
  47. Kroto G Usp. Fiz. Nauk 168 343 (1998); Kroto H Rev. Mod. Phys. 69 703 (1997)
  48. Lifshitz C Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 200 423 (2000)
  49. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 170 113 (2000); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 43 111 (2000)
  50. Rakov E G Uspekhi Khimii 69 41 (2000); Rakov E G Russ. Chem. Rev. 69 35 (2000)
  51. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 170 495 (2000); Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 43 453 (2000)
  52. Krainov V P, Smirnov M B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 170 969 (2000); Krainov V P, Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 43 901 (2000)
  53. Krainov V P, Smirnov M B Phys. Rep. 370 237 (2002)
  54. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 173 609 (2003); Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 46 589 (2003)
  55. Ditmire T et al. Phys. Rev. A 53 3379 (1996)
  56. Ditmire T et al. Phys. Rev. A 57 369 (1998)
  57. Zweiback J et al. Phys. Plasmas 9 3108 (2002)
  58. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 1191 (2004); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 47 1119 (2004)
  59. Kwon Y et al. J. Chem. Phys. 113 6469 (2000)
  60. Northby J A J. Chem. Phys. 115 10065 (2001)
  61. Callegari C et al. J. Chem. Phys. 115 10090 (2001)
  62. Stienkemeier F, Vilesov A F J. Chem. Phys. 115 10119 (2001)
  63. Toennies J P, Vilesov A F, Whaley K B Phys. Today 54 (2) 31 (2001)
  64. Dalfovo F, Stringari S J. Chem. Phys. 115 10078 (2001)
  65. Dalfovo F et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 463 (1999)
  66. Lugovoj E et al. "Spectroscopy of single molecules and clusters inside superfluid helium droplets" Atomic And Molecular Beams: The State Of The Art 2000 (Ed. R Campargue) (Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 755
  67. Makarov G N Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 225 (2004); Makarov G N Phys. Usp. 47 217 (2004)
  68. Yamada I, Toyoda N Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 232 195 (2005)
  69. Berri R S, Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 175 367 (2005); Berry R S, Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 48 345 (2005)
  70. Makarov G N Usp. Fiz. Nauk 176 121 (2006); Makarov G N Phys. Usp. 49 117 (2006)
  71. Dumesh B S, Surin L A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 176 1137 (2006); Dumesh B S, Surin L A Phys. Usp. 49 1113 (2006)
  72. Makarov G N Usp. Fiz. Nauk 176 1155 (2006); Makarov G N Phys. Usp. 49 1131 (2006)
  73. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 177 233 (2007); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 50 225 (2007)
  74. Kapitsa P L Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 11 1, 581 (1941)
  75. Pi M, Mayol R, Barranco M Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 3093 (1999)
  76. Pörtner N, Toennies J P, Vilesov A F J. Chem. Phys. 117 6054 (2002)
  77. Chin S A, Krotscheck E Phys. Rev. B 52 10405 (1995)
  78. Sindzingre P, Klein M L, Ceperley D M Phys Rev. Lett. 63 1601 (1989)
  79. Casas M et al. Z. Phys. D 35 67 (1995)
  80. Rama Krishna M V, Whaley K B J. Chem. Phys. 93 746 (1990)
  81. Rubahn H-G Nanophysik Und Nanotechnologie (Stuttgart: Teubner Verlag, 2002)
  82. Fahrner W Nanotechnologie Und Nanoprozesse (Berlin: Springer, 2003)
  83. Edelstein A S, Cammarata R C (Eds) Nanomaterials : Synthesis, Properties, And Applications (Bristol: Institute of Physics Publ., 1996)
  84. Barnett R N, Landman U Nature 387 788 (1997)
  85. Ditmire T et al. Nature 386 54 (1997)
  86. Last I, Jortner J J. Phys. Chem. A 102 9655 (1998)
  87. Springate E et al. Phys. Rev. A 61 044101 (2000)
  88. Auguste T et al. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 71 147 (2001)
  89. Skobelev I Yu i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 121 88 (2002); Skobelev I Yu et al. JETP 94 73 (2002)
  90. Maltsev A, Ditmire T Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 053002 (2003)
  91. Parra E et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 118 (2003)
  92. McPherson A et al. Nature 370 631 (1994)
  93. Dobosz S et al. Phys. Rev. A 56 R2526 (1997)
  94. Ditmire T et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 166 (1997)
  95. Stents K i dr. Kvantovaya Elektronika 30 721 (2000); Stenz C et al. Quantum Electron. 30 721 (2000)
  96. Junkel-Vives G C et al. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 71 417 (2001)
  97. Skobelev I Yu i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 121 1124 (2002); Skobelev I Yu et al. JETP 94 1063 (2002)
  98. Magunov A I et al. Laser Part. Beams 21 73 (2003)
  99. Fukuda I i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 78 146 (2003); Fukuda Y et al. JETP Lett. 78 115 (2003)
  100. Fukuda Y Laser Part. Beams 22 215 (2004)
  101. Ivanova E P, Ivanov A L Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 127 957 (2005); Ivanova E P, Ivanov A L JETP 100 844 (2005)
  102. Kim K Y et al. Phys. Rev. E 73 066403 (2006)
  103. Smirnov M B, Becker W Phys. Rev. A 74 013201 (2006)
  104. Ditmire T et al. Nature 398 489 (1999)
  105. Zweiback J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 2634 (2000)
  106. Zweiback J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3640 (2000)
  107. Last I, Jortner J J. Phys. Chem. A 106 10877 (2002)
  108. Madison K W et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 113 (2003)
  109. Madison K W et al. Phys. Plasmas 11 270 (2004)
  110. Madison K W et al. Phys. Rev. A 70 053201 (2004)
  111. Buersgens F et al. Phys. Rev. E 74 016403 (2006)
  112. Campbell E E B et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 263 (1993)
  113. Schulte J et al. Phys. Lett. A 198 51 (1995)
  114. Schmidt R, Seifert G, Lutz H O Phys. Lett. A 158 231 (1991)
  115. Seifert G, Schmidt R, Lutz H O Phys. Lett. A 158 237 (1991)
  116. Farizon B, Farizon M, Gaillard M J Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 192 259 (1999)
  117. Campbell E E B et al. C. R. Physique 3 341 (2002)
  118. Smirnov B M Pis’ma ZhETF 81 8 (2005); Smirnov B M JETP Lett. 81 6 (2005)
  119. Beuhler R J, Friedlander G, Friedman L Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 1292 (1989)
  120. Leonas V B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 160 (11) 135 (1990); Leonas V B Sov. Phys. Usp. 33 956 (1990)
  121. Beuhler R J et al. J. Phys. Chem. 94 7665 (1990)
  122. Vandenbosch R et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 88 116 (1994)
  123. Fallavier M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1022 (1993)
  124. Fallavier M et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 88 122 (1994)
  125. Shapiro M H, Tombrello T A Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 92 (1990)
  126. Fortov V E et al. Int. J. Impact Eng. 17 323 (1995)
  127. John P M St, Beck R D, Whetten R L Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 1467 (1992)
  128. Beauregard J N, Mayne H R Surf. Sci. Lett. 280 L253 (1993)
  129. Beauregard J N, Mayne H R J. Chem. Phys. 99 6667 (1993)
  130. Mair C et al. J. Chem. Phys. 111 2770 (1999)
  131. Christen W, Even U Eur. Phys. J. D 9 29 (1999)
  132. Yasumatsu H et al. J. Chem. Phys. 105 9509 (1996)
  133. Yasumatsu H, Terasaki A, Kondow T J. Chem. Phys. 106 3806 (1997)
  134. Yasumatsu H et al. Surf. Rev. Lett. 3 901 (1996)
  135. Schek I et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 257 273 (1996)
  136. Schek I et al. J. Chem. Phys. 101 8596 (1994)
  137. Raz T et al. J. Chem. Phys. 101 8606 (1994)
  138. Raz T, Levine R D Chem. Phys. Lett. 226 47 (1994)
  139. Raz T, Levine R D J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11167 (1994)
  140. Raz T, Levine R D J. Phys. Chem. 99 13713 (1995)
  141. Raz T, Levine R D J. Phys. Chem. 99 7495 (1995)
  142. Raz T, Levine R D Chem. Phys. Lett. 246 405 (1995)
  143. Gupta M, Walters E A, Blais N C J. Chem. Phys. 104 100 (1996)
  144. Qi L, Sinnott S B J. Phys. Chem. B 101 6883 (1997)
  145. Kornweitz H, Raz T, Levine R D J. Phys. Chem. A 103 10179 (1999)
  146. Nguyen T-N V et al. J. Chem. Phys. 119 7451 (2003)
  147. Yamada I, Usui H, Takagi T J. Phys. Chem. 91 2463 (1987)
  148. Takagi T Pure Appl. Chem. 60 781 (1988)
  149. Sosnowski M, Yamada I Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 46 397 (1990)
  150. Huq S E, McMahon R A, Ahmed H Semicond. Sci. Technol. 5 771 (1990)
  151. Takaoka G H, Ishikawa J, Takagi T J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 840 (1990)
  152. Yamada I, Takaoka G H Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 2121 (1993)
  153. Cleveland C L, Landman U Science 257 355 (1992)
  154. Haberland H, Insepov Z, Moseler M Phys. Rev. B 51 11061 (1995)
  155. Kraft J et al. Surf. Coat. Technol. 158-159 131 (2002)
  156. Haberland H et al. Suf. Rev. Lett. 3 (1) 887 (1996)
  157. Haberland H et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 80-81 1320 (1993)
  158. Haberland H et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 2925 (1994)
  159. Cheng H-P, Landman U J. Phys. Chem. 98 3527 (1994)
  160. Bromann K et al. Surf. Sci. 1051 (1997)
  161. Palmer R E, Pratontep S, Boyen H-G Nature Mater. 2 443 (2003)
  162. Fuchs G et al. Phys. Rev. B 44 3926 (1991)
  163. Mélinon P et al. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 9 339 (1995)
  164. Perez A et al. J. Phys. D 30 709 (1997)
  165. Mélinon P et al. Phys. Rev. B 58 16481 (1998)
  166. Mélinon P et al. C. R. Physique 3 273 (2002)
  167. Mélinon P et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107 10278 (1997)
  168. Perez A et al. Mater. Trans. 42 1460 (2001)
  169. Gaudry M et al. Phys. Rev. B 67 155409 (2003)
  170. Khanna S N, Jena P Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 1664 (1992)
  171. de Heer W A, Milani P, Châtelain A Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 488 (1990)
  172. Khanna S N, Linderoth S Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 742 (1991)
  173. Palpant B Phys. Rev. B 57 1963 (1998)
  174. Harbich W, Fedrigo S, Buttet J Chem. Phys. Lett. 195 613 (1992)
  175. Harbich W, Fedrigo S, Buttet J J. Chem. Phys. 96 8104 (1992)
  176. Jena P, Khanna S N, Rao B K Surf. Rev. Lett. 3 993 (1996)
  177. Rao B K, Khanna S N, Jena P J. Cluster Sci. 10 477 (1999)
  178. Haberland H et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 3266 (1992)
  179. Orloff J Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64 1105 (1993)
  180. Gspann J Z. Phys. D 20 421 (1991)
  181. Henkes P R W, Klingelhöfer R Vacuum 39 541 (1989)
  182. Gspann J Microelectron. Eng. 27 517 (1995)
  183. von Blanckenhagen P, Gruber A, Gspann J Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 122 322 (1997)
  184. Gruber A, Gspann J J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15 2362 (1997)
  185. Gruber A, Gspann J, Hoffmann H Appl. Phys. A 68 197 (1999)
  186. Rattunde O et al. J. Appl. Phys. 90 3226 (2001)
  187. Bromann K et al. Science 274 956 (1996)
  188. Akizuki M et al. Surf. Rev. Lett. 3 891 (1996)
  189. Qiang Y et al. Surf. Coat. Technol. 100-101 27 (1998)
  190. Yamaguchi Y, Gspann J Eur. Phys. J. D 16 103 (2001)
  191. Yamaguchi Y, Gspann J, Inaba T Eur. Phys. J. D 24 315 (2003)
  192. Yamada I, Matsuo J, Toyoda N Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 206 820 (2003)
  193. Insepov Z et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 206 846 (2003)
  194. Xirouchaki C Vacuum 73 123 (2004)
  195. Aoki T, Matsuo J Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 255 265 (2007)
  196. Zimmermann S, Urbassek H M Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 255 208 (2007)
  197. Grisenti R E et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2284 (2000)
  198. Mandrich M L, Reents W D (Jr), Bondebey V E, in Atomic And Molecular Clusters (Ed. E R Bernstein) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990)
  199. Haberland H, in Clusters Of Atoms And Molecules: Theory, Experiment, And Clusters Of Atoms (Ed. H Haberland) (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1994)
  200. Pauly H "High-Energy Beam Sources" Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988) p. 124
  201. Landau L D, Lifshits E M Statisticheskaya Fizika Ch. 1 (M.: Nauka, 1976); Landau L D, Lifshitz E M Statistical Physics Pt. 1 (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1980)
  202. Vekhter B et al. J. Chem. Phys. 106 4644 (1997)
  203. Berry R S, Smirnov B M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 125 414 (2004); Berry R S, Smirnov B M JETP 98 366 (2004)
  204. Bixon M, Jortner J J. Chem. Phys. 91 1631 (1989)
  205. Labastie P, Whetten R L Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 1567 (1990)
  206. Wales D J Mol. Phys. 78 151 (1993)
  207. Wales D J, Berry R S Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 2875 (1994)
  208. Umirzakov I H Phys. Rev. E 60 7550 (1999)
  209. Schmidt M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1191 (2001)
  210. Gobet F et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 183403 (2002)
  211. Reyes-Nava J A, Garzón I L, Michaelian K Phys. Rev. B 67 165401 (2003)
  212. Harms J et al. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 185 204 (1996)
  213. Brink D M, Stringari S Z. Phys. D 15 257 (1990)
  214. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Agarkov A A Pis’ma ZhETF 63 915 (1996); Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Agarkov A A JETP Lett. 63 963 (1996)
  215. Agarkov A A et al. Eur. Phys J. D 9 331 (1999)
  216. Vostrikov A A, Agarkov A A, Dubov D Yu Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 70 (7) 102 (2000); Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Agarkov A A Tech. Phys. 45 915 (2000)
  217. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Agarkov A A Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 39 26 (2001); Vostrikov A A, Agarkov A A, Dubov D Y High Temp. 39 22 (2001)
  218. Foltin M et al. J. Chem. Phys. 98 9624 (1993)
  219. Wan Z et al. J. Chem. Phys. 99 5858 (1993)
  220. Rohlfing E A J. Chem. Phys. 89 6103 (1988)
  221. Mitzner R, Campbell E E B J. Chem. Phys. 103 2445 (1995)
  222. Heszler P, Carlsson J O, Demirev P J. Chem. Phys. 107 10440 (1997)
  223. Frenzel U et al. Z. Phys. D 40 108 (1997)
  224. Farges J et al. Surf. Sci. 106 95 (1981)
  225. Gspann J Z. Phys. D 3 143 (1986)
  226. Gspann J, in Physics Of Electronic And Atomic Collisions (Ed. S Datz) (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982) p. 79
  227. Frenkel’ Ya I Kineticheskaya Teoriya Zhidkostei (M.-L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1945); Translated into English, Frenkel J Kinetic Theory Of Liquids (Oxford: The Univ. Press, 1946), 1
  228. Miller T M, Bederson B, in Advances In Atomic And Molecular Physics (Eds D R Bates, I Esterman) (New York: Academic Press, 1977)
  229. Tikhonov G et al. Phys. Rev. A 64 063202 (2001)
  230. Knight W D et al. Phys. Rev. B 31 2539 (1985)
  231. Manninen M, Nieminen R M, Puska M J Phys. Rev. B 33 4289 (1986)
  232. Moullet I et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 476 (1990)
  233. Guan J et al. Phys. Rev. B 52 2184 (1995)
  234. Calaminici P, Jug K, Köster A M J. Chem. Phys. 111 4613 (1999)
  235. Kronik L, Vasiliev I, Chelikowsky J R Phys. Rev. B 62 9992 (2000)
  236. Kümmel S, Akola J, Manninen M Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 3827 (2000)
  237. Ashcroft N W, Mermin N D Solid State Physics (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976); Ashkroft N, Mermin N Fizika Tverdogo Tela (M.: Mir, 1979)
  238. Moro R et al. Science 300 1265 (2003)
  239. Moro R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 086803 (2004)
  240. Ginzburg V L J. Supercond. 13 665 (2000)
  241. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 1240 (2004); Ginzburg V L Phys. Usp. 47 1155 (2004)
  242. Andreev A F J. Supercond. 12 197 (1999)
  243. Andersen K E et al. Phys. Rev. B 73 125418 (2006)
  244. Andersen K E et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 246105 (2004)
  245. Fa W, Luo Ch, Dong J Phys. Rev. B 71 245415 (2005)
  246. Knickelbein M B J. Chem. Phys. 118 6230 (2003)
  247. Xu X et al. Phys. Rev. B 75 085429 (2007)
  248. Simonds J L Phys. Today 48 (4) 26 (1995)
  249. Landau L D, Lifshits E M Elektrodinamika Sploshnykh Sred (M.: Nauka, 1982); Translated into English, Landau L D, Lifshitz E M Electrodynamics Of Continuous Media (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1984)
  250. Kittel C Introduction To Solid State Physics 5th ed. (New York: Wiley, 1976); Kittel’ Ch Vvedenie v Fiziku Tverdogo Tela (M.: Nauka, 1978)
  251. Khanna S N, Linderoth S Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 742 (1991)
  252. Gerlach W, Stern O Z. Phys. 9 349 (1922)
  253. Billas I M L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 4067 (1993)
  254. Billas I M L, Châtelain A, de Heer W A Surf. Rev. Lett. 3 429 (1996)
  255. Billas I M L, Châtelain A, de Heer W A Science 265 1682 (1994)
  256. Billas I M L, Châtelain A, de Heer W A J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 168 64 (1997)
  257. Hirt A et al. Z. Phys. D 40 160 (1997)
  258. Pastor G M, Hirsch R, Mühlschlegel B Phys. Rev. B 53 10382 (1996)
  259. Mahendran M Solid State Sci. 7 325 (2005)
  260. LyalA, Solov’yov A V, Greiner W Phys. Rev. A 74 043201 (2006)
  261. Polesya S et al. Europhys. Lett. 74 1074 (2006)
  262. Mattis D C The Theory Of Magnetism (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988)
  263. Knickelbein M B J. Chem. Phys. 125 044308 (2006)
  264. Serrano-Guisan S et al. Nature Mater. 5 730 (2006)
  265. Pacheco J M, Schöne W-D Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 4986 (1997)
  266. Ellert C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1731 (1995)
  267. Reiners Th et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 215 357 (1993)
  268. Hahn M Y, Whetten R L Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 1190 (1988)
  269. Zabel T, Garcia M E, Bennemann K H Eur. Phys. J. D 7 219 (1999)
  270. Chang H-C et al. Israel J. Chem. 39 231 (1999)
  271. Wang Y-S et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 8777 (1998)
  272. Jiang J-C et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 1398 (2000)
  273. Thompson J M, Bulgac A Z. Phys. D 40 462 (1997)
  274. Selby K et al. Phys. Rev. B 43 4565 (1991)
  275. Martin T P et al. J. Chem. Phys. 100 2322 (1994)
  276. Schmidt M et al. Nature 393 238 (1998)
  277. Haberland H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 035701 (2005)
  278. Berry R S, Jellinek J, Natanson G Phys. Rev. A 30 919 (1984)
  279. Beck T L, Jellinek J, Berry R S J. Chem. Phys. 87 545 (1987)
  280. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 177 369 (2007); Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 50 354 (2007)
  281. Bulgac A Czech. J. Phys. 48 697 (1998)
  282. Li Y, Blaisten-Barojas E, Papaconstantopoulos D A Phys. Rev. B 57 15519 (1998)
  283. Bréchignac C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 183402 (2002)
  284. Bréchignac C et al. Phys. Rev. A 68 063202 (2003)
  285. Sizun M, Aquillon F Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3 5225 (2001)
  286. Sizun M, Aquillon F, Sidis V J. Chem. Phys. 123 074331 (2005)
  287. Hervieux P A et al. J. Phys. B 34 3331 (2001)
  288. Babikov D et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 316 129 (2000)
  289. Ho J et al. J. Chem. Phys. 99 140 (1993)
  290. Boyukata M et al. Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 16 295 (2005)
  291. Gée C et al. J. Phys. Chem. 100 13421 (1996)
  292. Gée C et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107 4194 (1997)
  293. Lugovoj E, Toennies J P, Vilesov A J. Chem. Phys. 112 8217 (2000)
  294. Lallement A et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 189 182 (1992)
  295. Yamaguchi N et al. Thin Solid Films 345 34 (1999)
  296. Yamaguchi N, Terashima K, Yoshida T J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 17 2067 (1998)
  297. Ross J, Andres R P Surf. Sci. 106 11 (1981)
  298. Buffat Ph, Borel J-P Phys. Rev. A 13 2287 (1976)
  299. Yamada I et al., in Proc. 6th Symp. on Ion Sources and Ion Assisted Technology, Tokyo, 1982, p. 47
  300. Farges J et al. J. Chem. Phys. 84 3491 (1986)
  301. Farges J, Raoult B, Torchet G J. Chem. Phys. 59 3454 (1973)
  302. Farges J et al. J. Chem. Phys. 78 5067 (1983)
  303. Lee J W, Stein G D Surf. Sci. 156 112 (1985)
  304. Lee J W, Stein G D J. Phys. Chem. 91 2450 (1987)
  305. van de Waal B W, Torchet G, de Feraudy M-F Chem. Phys. Lett. 331 57 (2000)
  306. Torchet G, de Feraudy M-F, Loreaux Y J. Mol. Struct. 486 261 (1999)
  307. Kovalenko S I et al. J. Cryst. Growth. 191 553 (1998)
  308. Bartell L S et al. J. Phys. Chem. 91 2498 (1987)
  309. Beniere F M et al. J. Phys. Chem. 97 10472 (1993)
  310. Torchet G, de Feraudy M-F, Raoult B J. Chem. Phys. 103 3074 (1995)
  311. Holland R J et al. J. Chem. Phys. 88 7952 (1988)
  312. Kovalenko S I i dr. FNT 20 961 (1994); Kovalenko S I et al. Low Temp. Phys. 20 758 (1994)
  313. Kovalenko S I et al. FNT 24 481 (1998); Kovalenko S I et al. Low Temp. Phys. 24 364 (1998)
  314. Calvo F, Torchet G, de Feraudy M-F J. Chem. Phys. 111 4650 (1999)
  315. Torchet G et al. J. Chem. Phys. 81 2137 (1984)
  316. Torchet G et al. J. Chem. Phys. 105 3671 (1996)
  317. Gafner Yu Ya i dr. Fiz. Tverd. Tela 47 1304 (2005); Gafner Yu Ya et al. Phys. Solid State 47 1353 (2005)
  318. Jellinek J, Srinivas S, Fantucci P Chem. Phys. Lett. 288 705 (1998)
  319. Branz W et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 328 245 (2000)
  320. Branz W et al. Phys. Rev. B 66 094107 (2002)
  321. Farges J et al. J. Phys. (Paris) 38 (C2-7) 47 (1977)
  322. Farges J et al., in Rarefied Gas Dynamics : Technical Paper (Prog. in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 51, Ed. J L Potter) (New York: Am. Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1977) p. 1117
  323. van de Waal B W J. Chem. Phys. 90 3407 (1989)
  324. van de Waal B W Z. Phys. D 20 349 (1991)
  325. Euken A, Schroder E Z. Phys. Chem. B 41 307 (1938)
  326. Calvo F, Torchet G J. Cryst. Growth 299 374 (2007)
  327. Bartell L S, Huang J J. Phys. Chem. 98 7455 (1994)
  328. Huang J, Bartell L S J. Phys. Chem. 99 3924 (1995)
  329. Johari G P J. Chem. Phys. 122 194504 (2005)
  330. Ju S-P, Yang S-H, Liao M-L J. Phys. Chem. B 110 9286 (2006)
  331. Caleman C, van der Spoel D J. Chem. Phys. 125 154508 (2006)
  332. Kuo J-L, Klein M L J. Chem. Phys. 122 024516 (2005)
  333. Svanberg M, Pettersson J B C J. Phys. Chem. A 102 1865 (1998)
  334. Christie R A, Jordan K D J. Phys. Chem. B 106 8376 (2002)
  335. McDonalds S, Singer S J, Ojamae L J. Phys. Chem. A 102 2824 (1998)
  336. Miyazaki M et al. Science 304 1134 (2004)
  337. Shin J-W et al. Science 304 1137 (2004)
  338. Wong R L, Paech K, Williams E R Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 232 59 (2004)
  339. KleM L, Venables J A (Eds) Rare Gas Solids Vol. II (London: Academic Press, 1977)
  340. Farges J J. Cryst. Growth 31 79 (1975)
  341. Torchet G Docteur es-Sciences Thesis (Paris: Paris Univ., 1978)
  342. Frenzel U et al. Surf. Rev. Lett. 3 505 (1996)
  343. Heszler P, Carlsson J O, Demirev P Phys. Rev. B 53 12541 (1996)
  344. Mitzner R, Campbell E E B Surf. Rev. Lett. 3 759 (1996)
  345. Wan Z, Christian J F, Anderson S L J. Chem. Phys. 96 3344 (1992)
  346. Frenzel U, Roggenkamp A, Kreisle D Chem. Phys. Lett. 240 109 (1995)
  347. Bohren C F, Huffman D R Absorption And Scattering Of Light By Small Particles (New York: Wiley, 1983)
  348. Westergren J et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107 3071 (1997)
  349. Westergren J et al. J. Chem. Phys. 109 9848 (1998)
  350. Westergren J et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 12 281 (1999)
  351. Westergren J, Nordholm S, Rosén A Eur. Phys. J. D 22 81 (2003)
  352. Kolodney E, Budrevich A, Tsipinyuk B Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 510 (1995)
  353. Campbell E E B, Ulmer G, Hertel I V Z. Phys. D 24 81 (1992)
  354. Klots C E Chem. Phys. Lett. 186 73 (1991)
  355. Steger H et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 234 455 (1995)
  356. Klots C E Z. Phys. D 20 105 (1991)
  357. Radi P P et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 174 223 (1990)
  358. Sandler P, Lifshitz C, Klots C E Chem. Phys. Lett. 200 445 (1992)
  359. Allamandola L J, Thielens G G M, Barker J R Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 71 733 (1989)
  360. Bethune D S et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 179 181 (1991)
  361. Ievlev D N et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 3031 (2003)
  362. Branz W Ph.D. Thesis (Stuttgart: Univ. of Stuttgart, 2001)
  363. Weber B, Scholl R J. Illumin. Eng. Soc. 21 (2) 93 (1992)
  364. Scholl R, in Physics And Chemistry Of Finite Systems: From Clusters To Crystals Vol. 2 (NATO ASI Series, Ser. C, Vol. 374, Eds P Jena, S N Khanna, B K Rao) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1992) p. 1275
  365. Weber B, Scholl R J. Appl. Phys. 74 607 (1993)
  366. Smirnov B M Phys. Scripta 51 380 (1995)
  367. Smirnov B M Phys. Scripta 53 608 (1996)
  368. Smirnov B M Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 34 512 (1996); Smirnov B M High Temp. 34 506 (1996)
  369. Scholl R, Notour G Phenomena In Ionized Gases (AIP Conf., Proc., Vol. 363, Eds K H Becker, W E Carr, E E Kunhardt) (Woodbury, NY: AIP, 1996) p. 373
  370. Heintel M, Neiger M, Scholl R Contrib. Plasma Phys. 38 419 (1998)
  371. Lide D R (Ed.) CRC Handbook Of Chemistry And Physics 74th ed. (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993-1994)
  372. Ascencio J A et al. Surf. Sci. 396 349 (1998)
  373. Borman V D i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 130 984 (2006); Borman V D et al. JETP 103 850 (2006)
  374. Dolbec R et al. Phys. Rev. B 70 201406 (2004)
  375. Sibener S J, Hislop P LBL Report, Part VII, Advanced Isotope Separation Technology (1978) p. 470
  376. Klekamp A, Umbach E Surf. Sci. 249 75 (1991)
  377. Makarov G N, Petin A N Pis’ma ZhETF 83 115 (2006); Makarov G N, Petin A N JETP Lett. 83 87 (2006)
  378. Makarov G N, Petin A N Chem. Phys. Lett. 426 464 (2006)
  379. Makarov G N, Petin A N Kvantovaya Elektronika 36 889 (2006); Makarov G N, Petin A N Quantum Electron. 36 889 (2006)
  380. Makarov G N, Petin A N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 130 804 (2006); Makarov G N, Petin A N JETP 103 697 (2006)
  381. Makarov G N, Petin A N Optika Spektrosk. 102 438 (2007); Makarov G N, Petin A N Opt. Spectrosc. 102 388 (2007)
  382. Hartmann M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1566 (1995)
  383. Grebenev S, Toennies J P, Vilesov A F Science 279 2083 (1998)
  384. McDowell R et al. Spectrochim. Acta A 42 351 (1986)
  385. Lokhman V N, Makarov G N Chem. Phys. Lett. 398 453 (2004)
  386. Lokhman V N, Makarov G N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 127 570 (2005); Lokhman V N, Makarov G N JETP 100 505 (2005)
  387. Lokhman V N, Makarov G N Khim. Fiz. 26 (4) 7 (2007)
  388. Pawlow P Z. Phys. Chem. 65 1, 545 (1909)
  389. Takagi M J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 9 359 (1954)
  390. Lindeman F A Z. Phys. 11 609 (1910)
  391. Hansen J-P, Verlet L Phys. Rev. 184 151 (1969)
  392. Berry R S Sci. Am. 263 (2) 50 (1990)
  393. Etters R D, Kaelberer J Phys. Rev. A 11 1068 (1975)
  394. Kaelberer J B, Etters R D J. Chem. Phys. 66 3233 (1977)
  395. Berry R S et al. Adv. Chem. Phys. 90 75 (1988)
  396. Zhou Y et al. J. Chem. Phys. 116 2323 (2002)
  397. Garrigos R, Cheyssac P, Kofman R Z. Phys. D 12 497 (1989)
  398. Lai S L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 99 (1996)
  399. MartT P Phys. Rep. 273 199 (1996)
  400. Jortner J et al., in The Chemical Physics Of Atomic And Molecular Clusters: Proc. Of The Intern. School Of Physics "Enrico Fermi". Course LI (New York: Academic Press, 1971) p. 73
  401. Berry R, in Clusters Of Atoms And Molecules: Theory, Experiment, And Clusters Of Atoms (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol. 52, Ed. H Haberland) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994), Ch. 2.8
  402. Schmidt M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 99 (1997)
  403. Bertsch G Science 277 1619 (1997)
  404. Schmidt M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 203402 (2001)
  405. Schmidt M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 103401 (2003)
  406. Krishnamurty S et al. Phys. Rev. B 73 045406 (2006)
  407. Breaux G A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 173401 (2005)
  408. Neal C M, Starace A K, Jarrold M F J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 18 74 (2007)
  409. Labastie P, Whetten R L Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 1567 (1990)
  410. Ercolessi F, Andreoni W, Tosatti E Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 911 (1991)
  411. Ju N, Bulgac A Phys. Rev. B 48 2721 (1993)
  412. Smirnov B M Phys. Scripta 50 427 (1994)
  413. Hervieux P A, Gross D H E Z. Phys. D 33 295 (1995)
  414. Calvo F, Spiegelmann F J. Chem. Phys. 112 2888 (2000)
  415. Aguado A et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 105 2386 (2001)
  416. Berry R S, Smirnov B M J. Chem. Phys. 118 5979 (2003)
  417. Ding F, Rosén A, Bolton K Phys. Rev. B 70 075416 (2004)
  418. Teng Y et al. J. Phys Chem. B 111 2309 (2007)
  419. Duan H et al. Chem. Phys. 333 57 (2007)
  420. Zhukov A V, Kraynyukova A, Cao J Phys. Lett. A 364 329 (2007)
  421. Shvartsburg A A, Jarrold M F Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2530 (2000)
  422. Joshi K, Kanhere D G, Blundell S A Phys. Rev. B 66 155329 (2002)
  423. Klots C E J. Chem. Phys. 83 5854 (1985)
  424. Klots C E Z. Phys. D 5 83 (1987)
  425. Klots C E J. Chem. Phys. 90 4470 (1989)
  426. Klots C E Z. Phys. D 21 335 (1991)
  427. Klots C E Nature 327 222 (1987)
  428. Klots C E J. Phys. Chem. 92 5864 (1988)
  429. Robinson P J, Holbrook K A Unimolecular Reactions (London: Wiley, 1972); Robinson P, Kholbruk K Monomolekulyarnye Reaktsii (M.: Mir, 1975)
  430. Eyring H, Lin S H, Lin S M Basic Chemical Kinetics (New York: Wiley, 1980)
  431. Marcus R A J. Chem. Phys. 20 359 (1952)
  432. Klots C E J. Phys. Chem. 75 1526 (1971)
  433. Hansen K, Campbell E E B Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 233 215 (2004)
  434. Torchet G et al. J. Chem. Phys. 79 6196 (1983)
  435. Valente E J, Bartell L S J. Chem. Phys. 79 2683 (1983)
  436. Valente E J, Bartell L S J. Chem. Phys. 80 1451 (1984)
  437. Brockhaus P et al. Phys. Rev. A 59 495 (1999)
  438. Jundt G et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 370 504 (2003)
  439. Beck R D et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 257 557 (1996)
  440. O’Brien S C et al. J. Chem. Phys. 88 220 (1988)
  441. DeMuro R L, Jelski D A, George T F J. Phys. Chem. 96 10603 (1992)
  442. Vandenbosch R J. Phys. Chem. 99 14686 (1995)
  443. Magnera T F, David D E, Michl J Chem. Phys. Lett. 123 327 (1986)
  444. Andersen J U et al. Eur. Phys. J. D 24 191 (2003)
  445. Even U, Schek I, Jortner J Chem. Phys. Lett. 202 303 (1993)
  446. Schek I, Jortner J J. Chem. Phys. 104 4337 (1996)
  447. Zel’dovich Ya B, Raizer Yu P Fizika Udarnykh Voln i Vysokotemperaturnykh Gidrodinamicheskikh Yavlenii 2-e izd. (M.: Nauka, 1966); Translated into English, Zel’dovich Ya B, Raizer Yu P Physics Of Shock Waves And High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena (Mineola, NY: Dover Publ., 2002)
  448. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskii M R Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 56 1393 (1986); Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskii M R Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 31 821 (1986)
  449. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskii M R Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 57 760 (1987); Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskii M R Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 32 459 (1987)
  450. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskiy M R Chem. Phys. Lett. 139 124 (1987)
  451. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskii M R Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 58 1897 (1988); Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu, Predtechenskii M R Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 33 1153 (1988)
  452. Vostrikov A A, Dubov D Yu Z. Phys. D 20 61 (1991)
  453. Vostrikov A A et al. Z. Phys. D 40 542 (1997)
  454. Gephardt C R, Schröder H, Kompa K-L Nature 400 544 (1999)
  455. Andersson P U, Pattersson J B C Z. Phys. D 41 57 (1997)
  456. Andersson P U, Pattersson J B C J. Phys. Chem. 102 7428 (1998)
  457. Even U et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 965 (1986)
  458. De Lange P J, Renkema P J, Kommandeur J J. Phys. Chem. 92 5749 (1988)
  459. Yeretzian C, Hansen K, Whetten R L Science 260 652 (1993)
  460. Leisner T et al. Z. Phys. D 20 127 (1991)
  461. Amrein A, Simpson R, Hackett P J. Chem. Phys. 95 1781 (1991)
  462. Yeretzian C, Whetten R L Z. Phys. D 24 199 (1992)
  463. Campbell E E B, Ulmer G, Hertel I V Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 1986 (1991)
  464. John P M St, Whetten R L Chem. Phys. Lett. 196 330 (1992)
  465. John P M St, Yeretzian C, Whetten R L J. Phys Chem. 96 9100 (1992)
  466. Hendell E, Even U J. Chem. Phys. 103 9045 (1995)
  467. Töglhofer K et al. J. Chem. Phys. 99 8254 (1993)
  468. Töglhofer K et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 88 44 (1994)
  469. Baudin K et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 117 47 (1996)
  470. Billebaud A et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 112 79 (1996)
  471. Aumayr F et al. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 163 9 (1997)
  472. Aumayr F et al. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 174 317 (1998)
  473. Winter H P Phys. Rev. A 56 3007 (1997)
  474. Fallavier M Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 112 72 (1996)
  475. Hendell E et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 2670 (1995)
  476. Christen W et al. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 174 35 (1998)
  477. Christen W, Even U Eur. Phys. J. D 24 283 (2003)
  478. Farizon B et al. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 164 225 (1997)
  479. Ehlich R, Westerburg M, Campbell E E B J. Chem. Phys. 104 1900 (1996)
  480. Ouaskit S et al. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 139 141 (1994)
  481. LeBrun T et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 3965 (1994)
  482. Farizon B et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 88 86 (1994)
  483. Zimmermann S, Urbassek H M Eur. Phys J. D 39 423 (2006)
  484. Raz T, Even U, Levine R D J. Chem. Phys. 103 5394 (1995)
  485. Raz T, Levine R D J. Chem. Phys. 105 8097 (1996)
  486. Raz T, Levine R D Chem. Phys. 213 263 (1996)
  487. Lifshitz C, Louage F J. Phys. Chem. 93 5633 (1989)
  488. Wei S, Tzeng W B, Castleman A W (Jr) J. Chem. Phys. 92 332 (1990)
  489. Wei S, Tzeng W B, Castleman A W (Jr) J. Chem. Phys. 93 2506 (1990)
  490. Beck R D et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 187 122 (1991)
  491. Beck R D et al. J. Phys. Chem. 95 8402 (1991)
  492. Mowrey R C et al. J. Phys. Chem. 95 7138 (1991)
  493. Gross A, Levine R D J. Phys. Chem. A 107 9567 (2003)
  494. Shao Y L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3343 (1996)
  495. Smirnov M B i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 125 1283 (2004); Smirnov M B et al. JETP 98 1123 (2004)
  496. Perry M D, Mourou G Science 264 917 (1994)
  497. Kryukov P G Kvantovaya Elektronika 31 95 (2001); Kryukov P G Quantum Electron. 31 95 (2001)
  498. Lezius M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 261 (1998)
  499. Hutchinson H Science 280 693 (1998)
  500. McPherson A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 1810 (1994)
  501. Ditmire T et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 3122 (1995)
  502. Dobosh S i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 68 454 (1998); Dobosz S et al. JETP Lett. 68 485 (1998)
  503. Abdallah J (Jr) et al. Phys. Rev. A 68 063201 (2003)
  504. Wabnitz H et al. Nature 420 482 (2002)
  505. Kapteyn H C, Ditmire T Nature 420 467 (2002)
  506. Schulz J et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 507 572 (2003)
  507. Laarmann T et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 143401 (2004)
  508. Laarmann T et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 063402 (2005)
  509. de Castro A R B et al. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenomena 144 3 (2005)
  510. Rusek M, Lagadec H, Blenski T Phys. Rev. A 63 013203 (2000)
  511. Brewczyk M, Rzazewski K J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 L1 (1999)
  512. Last I, Jortner J Phys. Rev. A 60 2215 (1999)
  513. Krainov V P, RoshchupkA S J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 L297 (2001)
  514. Samson J A R Phys. Lett. 8 107 (1964)
  515. Rose-Petruck C et al. Phys. Rev. A 55 1182 (1997)
  516. Last I, Jortner J Phys. Rev. A 62 013201 (2000)
  517. Augst S et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 2212 (1989)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions