RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 9, 2026
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

1992

 / 

September

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Small metal particles


Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaluzhskoe shosse 14, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation

This review article is devoted to results of theoretical and experimental investigations of properties of nanometer metal particles. First, the modern theory of equilibrium structures and shapes of small particles is presented. The next Section deals with the thermodynamics of small particles. It reflects the present state of the theory of surface forces for small particles, including crystalline ones. Validity conditions are pointed out for the standard approach, and an alternative approach is described which is adequate for particles surrounded by their saturated vapor. In it the Laplace pressure is not a real physical force, but a formal quantity that describes the size dependence of the chemical potential. Specific features are described of melting and interphase fluctuations in small particles. In describing the electron properties of the particles emphasis is laid on the smoothed level density and the size dependence of the Fermi energy. Some effects caused by this dependence are presented, in particular the mutual charging of particles of different sizes which manifests itself in an anomalously strong attraction between particles and so on. Magnetic properties of small particles are also described including macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization.

Fulltext pdf (1.9 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU1992v035n09ABEH002261
PACS: 61.46.Df, 01.30.Vv, 65.80.+n, 64.70.Dv, 73.22.−f, 75.50.Tt (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU1992v035n09ABEH002261
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1992/9/b/
Citation: Nagaev E L "Small metal particles" Sov. Phys. Usp. 35 (9) 747–782 (1992)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Нагаев Э Л «Малые металлические частицы» УФН 162 (9) 49–124 (1992); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0162.199209b.0049

References (282) Cited by (148) ↓ Similar articles (20)

  1. Magomedov M N Vacuum 231 113814 (2025)
  2. Magomedov M N Phys. Rev. B 109 (3) (2024)
  3. Khrennikov D, Labuntsov V et al Nanophotonics 13 (26) 4795 (2024)
  4. Devyatova V N, Nekrasov A N, Bondarenko G V Geohimin 69 (2) 49 (2024)
  5. Deviatova V N, Nekrasov A N, Bondarenko G V Geochem. Int. 62 (2) 140 (2024)
  6. Pogosov V  V Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 46 (4) 289 (2024)
  7. Trakhtenberg L I, Ikim M I et al Chemosensors 11 (6) 320 (2023)
  8. Ikim M I, Gerasimov G N et al IJMS 24 (2) 1570 (2023)
  9. Andrieieva O L, Tkachenko V I Problems of Atomic Science and Technology 118 (2023)
  10. ’nр’khт’’’’р’ ’’ ’R Himičeskan Fizika 42 (5) 87 (2023)
  11. Borts B V, Vorobyov I A et al Problems of Atomic Science and Technology 58 (2023)
  12. Trakhtenberg L I Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 17 (3) 600 (2023)
  13. Poletaev G M, Sitnikov A A et al J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 134 (2) 183 (2022)
  14. Kawano H Progress In Surface Science 97 (1) 100583 (2022)
  15. Fedoseev V B, Shishulin A V Tech. Phys. 66 (1) 34 (2021)
  16. Poletaev G, Sitnikov A, Filimonov V Lett. Mater. 11 (2) 204 (2021)
  17. Gerasimov G N, Gromov V F et al Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 15 (6) 1072 (2021)
  18. Yasnikov I S, Gryzunova N N Jetp Lett. 114 (5) 284 (2021)
  19. Magomedov M N Phys. Solid State 63 (10) 1465 (2021)
  20. Zhukhovitskii D I, Zhakhovsky V V The Journal of Chemical Physics 152 (22) (2020)
  21. Magomedov M N J. Surf. Investig. 14 (6) 1208 (2020)
  22. Pirozerski A L, Smirnova O I et al Physics Letters A 383 (30) 125872 (2019)
  23. Korotun A V, Koval’ A A, Reva V I J Appl Spectrosc 86 (4) 606 (2019)
  24. Levdansky V V, iolcovl O, Izlk P Materials Chemistry And Physics 211 117 (2018)
  25. Gerasimov G N, Gromov V F, Trakhtenberg L I Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 92 (6) 1087 (2018)
  26. Dragan G S, Kutarov V V IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46 (4) 743 (2018)
  27. Aref’eva L P, Shebzukhova I G Phys. Solid State 60 (7) 1273 (2018)
  28. Kumar P, Koledov V et al 2018 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO), (2018) p. 167
  29. Yushchenko O V, Badalyan A Yu 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference Nanomaterials: Application & Properties (NAP), (2017) p. 03NNSA16-1
  30. Hrytsyna O R Mater Sci 53 (2) 273 (2017)
  31. Khnykov A Yu, Zav’yalov S A et al Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 10 (1) 23 (2016)
  32. Shirinyan A S Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 37 (4) 475 (2016)
  33. Kuznetsova I A, Lebedev M E, Yushkanov A A Tech. Phys. 60 (9) 1261 (2015)
  34. Il’yushchenkov D S, Kozhevin V M, Gurevich S A Phys. Solid State 57 (9) 1710 (2015)
  35. Magomedov M N Nanotechnol Russia 10 (1-2) 89 (2015)
  36. Kolinko P A, Selishchev D S, Kozlov D V Theor Exp Chem 51 (2) 96 (2015)
  37. Bishchaniuk T M, Grygorchak I I et al Tech. Phys. 59 (7) 1085 (2014)
  38. Magomedov M N Tech. Phys. 59 (11) 1658 (2014)
  39. Magomedov M N Nanotechnol Russia 9 (5-6) 293 (2014)
  40. Magomedov M N Tech. Phys. Lett. 39 (5) 409 (2013)
  41. Liu Yu, Liu Q et al Carbon 64 132 (2013)
  42. Karasevskii A I Eur. Phys. J. B 86 (4) (2013)
  43. Buranbaev M Zh, Aliev B A et al Lecture Notes In Electrical Engineering Vol. Future Information Communication Technology and ApplicationsRadiation Modification of the Structure of Nanosized Metal Powders235 Chapter 52 (2013) p. 471
  44. Shikov A A, Zemlyanov M G et al Phys. Solid State 54 (12) 2345 (2012)
  45. Parshin P P, Zemlyanov M G et al J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 114 (3) 440 (2012)
  46. Magomedov M N J. Surf. Investig. 6 (3) 430 (2012)
  47. Belyaev B A, Drokin N A Phys. Solid State 54 (2) 360 (2012)
  48. Rekhviashvili S S, Kishtikova E V Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 48 (4) 402 (2012)
  49. Karpov S V, Semina P N, Gavrilyuk A P Colloid J 74 (3) 305 (2012)
  50. Chandrasekar G, Mougin K et al Applied Surface Science 257 (9) 4175 (2011)
  51. Nepijko S A, Kutnyakhov D et al J Nanopart Res 13 (12) 6263 (2011)
  52. Yasnikov I S Phys. Solid State 53 (9) 1917 (2011)
  53. Magomedov M N J. Surf. Investig. 5 (4) 705 (2011)
  54. Koropov A V J. Surf. Investig. 5 (4) 780 (2011)
  55. Pirozerskii A L, Charnaya E V et al Acoust. Phys. 57 (5) 637 (2011)
  56. Shirinyan A S, Gusak A M DiffusionBControlled Solid State Reactions 1 (2010) p. 425
  57. Gladkikh N T, Kryshtal A P, Bogatyrenko S I Tech. Phys. 55 (11) 1657 (2010)
  58. Kozhushner M A, Trakhtenberg L I J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 111 (6) 1010 (2010)
  59. Parshin P P, Zemlyanov M G et al J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 111 (6) 996 (2010)
  60. Kozhushner M A, Trakhtenberg L I Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 4 (3) 502 (2010)
  61. Dolgusheva E B, Trubitsin V Yu Phys. Solid State 52 (6) 1238 (2010)
  62. Magomedov M N Phys. Solid State 52 (6) 1283 (2010)
  63. Shpak A P, Shevchenko A B et al Usp. Fiz. Met. 11 (2) 139 (2010)
  64. Samsonov V M, Kharechkin S S et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 74 (5) 673 (2010)
  65. Dolgusheva E B, Trubitsin V Yu Phys. Solid State 51 (12) 2497 (2009)
  66. Magomedov M N High Temp 47 (1) 45 (2009)
  67. Karpov S V, Isaev I L et al Colloid J 71 (3) 345 (2009)
  68. Borisov B F, Gartvik A V et al Acoust. Phys. 55 (6) 816 (2009)
  69. Drakon A, Emelianov A, Eremin A Shock Waves Chapter 18 (2009) p. 907
  70. Grytsenko K P Opt. Mem. Neural Networks 18 (4) 290 (2009)
  71. Shirinyan A S, Bilogorodskyy Y S, Schmelzer J W P Acta Materialia 57 (19) 5771 (2009)
  72. Assovskiy Igor G Propellants Explo Pyrotec 33 (1) 51 (2008)
  73. Styrkas A D Inorg Mater 44 (5) 470 (2008)
  74. Burakov V S, Savastenko N A et al J Appl Spectrosc 75 (3) 394 (2008)
  75. Yakimovich N O, Ezhevskii A A et al Russ Chem Bull 57 (3) 520 (2008)
  76. Levdanskii V V, Smolik J, Moravec P J Eng Phys Thermophy 81 (5) 985 (2008)
  77. Dresvyannikov A F, Kolpakov M E Prot Met 44 (1) 43 (2008)
  78. Koropov A V Phys. Solid State 50 (11) 2184 (2008)
  79. Frolov G I, Bachina O I et al Tech. Phys. 53 (8) 1059 (2008)
  80. Rekhviashvili S Sh Phys. Metals Metallogr. 105 (5) 421 (2008)
  81. Thin Films And Nanostructures Vol. Physico-Chemical Phenomena in Thin Films and at Solid SurfacesChapter 15 Charge Effects in Catalysis by Nanostructured Metals34 (2007) p. 725
  82. Zav’yalov S A, Schoonman J et al Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 1 (2) 171 (2007)
  83. Batrakov A, Onischenko S et al IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul. 14 (3) 544 (2007)
  84. Frolov G I Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 71 (11) 1629 (2007)
  85. Magomedov M N Tech. Phys. Lett. 33 (3) 212 (2007)
  86. Chernavskii P A, Peskov N V et al Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 1 (4) 394 (2007)
  87. Borisov B F, Gartvik A V et al Acoust. Phys. 52 (2) 138 (2006)
  88. Zemlyanov M G, Panova G Kh et al Phys. Solid State 48 (1) 139 (2006)
  89. Shirinyan A, Wautelet M, Belogorodsky Y J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 (8) 2537 (2006)
  90. Borman V D, Borisyuk P V et al J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 102 (2) 303 (2006)
  91. Shirinyan A S, Gusak A M, Wautelet M Acta Materialia 53 (19) 5025 (2005)
  92. Magomedov M N High Temp 43 (6) 870 (2005)
  93. Magomedov M N Tech. Phys. Lett. 31 (1) 13 (2005)
  94. Shirinyan A S, Pasichnyy M O Nanotechnology 16 (9) 1724 (2005)
  95. Shirinyan A S, Gusak l A M Philosophical Magazine 84 (6) 579 (2004)
  96. Kurbatsky V P, Pogosov V V Vacuum 74 (2) 185 (2004)
  97. Shirinyan A S, Wautelet M Nanotechnology 15 (12) 1720 (2004)
  98. Kurbatsky V P, Pogosov V V Phys. Solid State 46 (3) 543 (2004)
  99. Magomedov M N Phys. Solid State 46 (5) 954 (2004)
  100. Koropov A V Phys. Solid State 46 (8) 1502 (2004)
  101. Charnaya E V, Michel D et al J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 (32) 5469 (2003)
  102. Parfen’eva L S, Smirnov I A et al Phys. Solid State 45 (2) 381 (2003)
  103. Magomedov M N Phys. Solid State 45 (7) 1213 (2003)
  104. Éntin M V, Braginsky L S J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 97 (1) 174 (2003)
  105. Kasperovich V S, Charnaya E V et al Phys. Solid State 45 (9) 1802 (2003)
  106. Borman V D, Lai X Ch et al Jetp Lett. 76 (7) 444 (2002)
  107. Trakhtenberg L I, Gerasimov G N et al Radiation Physics And Chemistry 65 (4-5) 479 (2002)
  108. Karpov S V, Slabko V V, Chiganova G A Colloid Journal 64 (4) 425 (2002)
  109. Meshcheryakov V V Phys. Solid State 43 (3) 517 (2001)
  110. Pogosov V V, Kurbatsky V P J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 92 (2) 304 (2001)
  111. Suzdalev I P, Suzdalev P I Russ. Chem. Rev. 70 (3) 177 (2001)
  112. Éntin M V, Mahmoodian M M Jetp Lett. 73 (3) 149 (2001)
  113. Faivre C, Bellet D, Dolino G Journal of Applied Physics 87 (5) 2131 (2000)
  114. Dereppe J M, Borisov B F et al Phys. Solid State 42 (1) 193 (2000)
  115. Trakhtenberg L I, Gerasimov G N et al Studies In Surface Science And Catalysis Vol. 12th International Congress on Catalysis, Proceedings of the 12th ICCNanoheterogeneous metal-polymer composites as a new type of effective and selective catalysts130 (2000) p. 941
  116. Zaitsev S V, Karpov A V Instrum Exp Tech 43 (4) 566 (2000)
  117. Meshcheryakov V V Phys. Solid State 42 (9) 1749 (2000)
  118. Karpov S V, Bas’ko A L et al Colloid Journal 62 (6) 699 (2000)
  119. Postovalova G G, Roginskaya Yu E et al Inorg Mater 36 (4) 364 (2000)
  120. Pogosov V V, Pogosov W V, Kotlyarov D P J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 90 (5) 908 (2000)
  121. ZELEVINSKY V Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 13 (05n06) 569 (1999)
  122. Buttard D, Dolino G et al Journal of Applied Physics 85 (10) 7105 (1999)
  123. Borisov B F, Charnaya E V et al J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 11 (50) 10259 (1999)
  124. Chang S-S, Shih Ch-W et al Langmuir 15 (3) 701 (1999)
  125. Meshcheryakov V V, Kuznetsov G D, Yuldashev A A J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 89 (1) 86 (1999)
  126. Jigatch A N, Leipunsky I O et al Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (21) 2109 (1999)
  127. Baidakova M V, Siklitsky V I, Vul A Ya Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 10 (12) 2153 (1999)
  128. Kamilov I K, Murtazaev A K, Aliev Kh K Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 169 (7) 773 (1999)
  129. Fomichev S V, Zaretsky D F J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 (21) 5083 (1999)
  130. Gusev A I Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 168 (1) 55 (1998)
  131. Latkin A S J Min Sci 34 (3) 278 (1998)
  132. Borisov B F, Charnaya E V et al J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9 (16) 3377 (1997)
  133. Memmert U, Hodel U, Hartmann U Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 15 (4) 1364 (1997)
  134. Meshcheryakov V V J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 84 (5) 1010 (1997)
  135. Karpov S V, Popov A K, Slabko V V Jetp Lett. 66 (2) 106 (1997)
  136. Aleksenskii A E, Baidakova M V et al Phys. Solid State 39 (6) 1007 (1997)
  137. Vieira A, Fiolhais C et al Int. J. Quantum Chem. 60 (7) 1537 (1996)
  138. Nagaev E L, Zil’bervarg V E Phys. Rev. B 53 (8) 5011 (1996)
  139. Zelevinsky V Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 46 (1) 237 (1996)
  140. Hodel U, Memmert U, Hartmann U Phys. Rev. B 54 (24) 17888 (1996)
  141. Nagaev E L, Podel’shchikov A I Journal Of Magnetism And Magnetic Materials 159 (1-2) 227 (1996)
  142. Pogosov V V Vacuum 46 (5-6) 455 (1995)
  143. Borisov B F, Charnaya E V et al Solid State Communications 92 (6) 531 (1994)
  144. Zelevinsky V G Nuclear Physics A 570 (1-2) 411 (1994)
  145. Andrievskii R A Russ. Chem. Rev. 63 (5) 411 (1994)
  146. Ageev L A, El-Ashkhab Kh I J Appl Spectrosc 60 (1-2) 124 (1994)
  147. Andrievski R A Journal Of Materials Science 29 (3) 614 (1994)
  148. Ya G M Physica Status Solidi (b) 178 (1) 59 (1993)
© 1918–2026 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions