Acceleration of cosmic rays by shock waves

E.G. Berezhko, G.F. Krymskii
Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 31 Lenin Ave., Yakutsk, 677980, Russian Federation

Theoretical work on various processes by which shock waves accelerate cosmic rays is reviewed. The most efficient of these processes, Fermi acceleration, is singled out for special attention. A linear theory for this process is presented. The results found on the basis of nonlinear models of Fermi acceleration, which incorporate the modification of the structure caused by the accelerated particles, are reported. There is a discussion of various possibilities for explaining the generation of high-energy particles observed in interplanetary and interstellar space on the basis of a Fermi acceleration mechanism. The acceleration by shock waves from supernova explosions is discussed as a possible source of galactic cosmic rays. The most important unresolved questions in the theory of acceleration of charged particles by shock waves are pointed out.

PACS: 52.65.Kj, 95.30.Qd, 96.50.Fm, 97.60.Bw, 98.70.Sa (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU1988v031n01ABEH002534
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1988/1/b/
Citation: Berezhko E G, Krymskii G F "Acceleration of cosmic rays by shock waves" Sov. Phys. Usp. 31 27–51 (1988)

BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Бережко Е Г, Крымский Г Ф «Ускорение космических лучей ударными волнами» УФН 154 49–91 (1988); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0154.198801b.0049

Cited by (132) Similar articles (20) ↓

E.G. Berezhko, G.F. Krymskii “Acceleration of cosmic rays by shock waves” 31 27–51 (1988)
A.M. Bykov, I.N. Toptygin “Particle kinetics in highly turbulent plasmas (renormalization and self-consistent field methods)” 36 (11) 1020–1052 (1993)
V.L. Ginzburg, V.A. Dogel’ “Some aspects of gamma-ray astronomy” 32 385–415 (1989)
L.I. Miroshnichenko “Solar cosmic rays: 75 years of research” 61 323–352 (2018)
V.L. Ginzburg, S.I. Syrovatskii “Present status of the question of the origin of cosmic rays” 3 504–541 (1961)
V.L. Ginzburg, S.I. Syrovatskii “Origin of cosmic rays” 9 223–235 (1966)
A.M. Bykov, I.N. Toptygin “Instabilities of a multicomponent plasma with accelerated particles and magnetic field generation in astrophysical objects” 50 141–174 (2007)
V.V. Uchaikin “Self-similar anomalous diffusion and Levy-stable laws” 46 821–849 (2003)
M.I. Panasyuk, L.I. Miroshnichenko “Particle acceleration in space: a universal mechanism?” 65 379–405 (2022)
V.V. Uchaikin, A.D. Erlykin, R.T. Sibatov “Nonlocal (fractional-differential) model of cosmic ray transport in the interstellar medium” 66 221–262 (2023)
V.L. Ginzburg, S.I. Syrovatskii “Cosmic magnetic bremsstrahlung (synchrotron radiation)” 8 674–701 (1966)
V.V. Uchaikin “Fractional phenomenology of cosmic ray anomalous diffusion” 56 1074–1119 (2013)
L.I. Dorman, I.Ya. Libin “Short-period variations in cosmic-ray intensity” 28 233–256 (1985)
L.M. Zelenyi, A.V. Milovanov “Fractal topology and strange kinetics: from percolation theory to problems in cosmic electrodynamics” 47 749–788 (2004)
I.V. Galaktionov “Search for antimatter and dark matter, precision studies of the cosmic rays fluxes on the international space station. AMS experiment. Results of four year exposure” 60 40–57 (2017)
V.S. Beskin “Axisymmetric stationary flows in compact astrophysical objects” 40 659–688 (1997)
V.L. Ginzburg “Astrophysical aspects of cosmic-ray research (first 75 years and outlook for the future)” 31 491–510 (1988)
V.L. Ginzburg, S.I. Syrovatskii “Some problems of gamma and X-ray astronomy” 7 696–720 (1965)
V.L. Ginzburg, L.V. Kurnosova et al “Soviet satellite and rocket investigations of the nuclear component of cosmic rays” 7 230–269 (1964)
L.M. Zelenyi, A.I. Neishtadt et al “Quasiadiabatic dynamics of charged particles in a space plasma” 56 347–394 (2013)

The list is formed automatically.