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The high-index surface—a superlattice for two-dimensional electronsa Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Mokhovaya 11, Moscow, 125009, Russian Federation b State Research Center ‘Institute of High Energy Physics’, ul. Pobedy 1, Protvino, Moscow Region, 142280, Russian Federation A review is given of low-temperature studies of the properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in inversion layers on high-index Si surfaces. The long crystallographic periods associated with such surfaces produce the superlattice effect in the spectrum of the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas. The kinetic coefficients are found to exhibit singularities when the Fermi level and minigaps cross. This was established by measuring the static and the high-frequency conductivities, the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations, the photoresistivity, the emission of thermal electrons, and the cyclotron resonance in $n$-type inversion layers near (001) for electron concentrations in the range 10$^{12}$ -- 10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$. The minigap width varies from 1 to 20 meV, depending on the electron concentration. The position of the minigaps in $K$-space (but not their size) is in quantitative agreement with theory.
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