Global climate change is one of the major challenges for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation. Approaches to understanding the stability boundaries of Earth's climate and verifying predictive models are provided by comparative climatology of terrestrial planets. For over 20 years, successful studies of the atmospheres of Mars and Venus have been conducted using spectrometric systems (SPICAM, SPICAV, ACS) developed at the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAS). Similarities of the climate systems of terrestrial planets, including the exoplanetary context, are examined. Particular attention is paid to practical conversion: instrumentation and techniques originally developed for planetary missions have been adapted for high-precision monitoring of climate-active gases (CO₂, CH₄) in the Earth's atmosphere. Preliminary results of the Ozonometr-TM experiment (Ionosfera-M constellation, 2025) and the status of the Driada instrument (ISS, preparation for launch) are presented. It is shown that planetary research is transitioning from fundamental science into a source of critically important technologies aligned with the priorities of Russia's scientific and technological development.