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The exclusion principle and the evolution of matter in particle statistics with a hierarchical structure

 a, b, c
a ANO National Center for Physics and Mathematics, Parkovaya Str. 1, build. 3, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod Region, 607182, Russian Federation
b Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
c PI "Science and Innovation", Bol'shaya Ordynka str. 24, Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation

Statistics of the most probable energy distributions are constructed and investigated in systems of many particles, some of them are contained (or delimited) inside other particles, as well as in systems of particles delimited inside other particles, which, in turn, are delimited inside third particles. The statistics of the distributions of such particles with respect to the maximum and minimum energy values turn out to coincide with those obtained in the initial combinatorial solution. The results allow us to prove the Pauli exclusion principle, the minimality of energy release in various processes, the absence of particles with negative energy, and also describe the complicftion of the structure of matter.

Keywords: most probable distributions, distributions of extremes, hierarchical structures, delimitation, Pauli exclusion principle, matter complication
PACS: 02.50.−r, 05.20.−y, 12.40.Ee, 31.15.Bs (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2025.05.040010
Citation: Romanovsky M Yu "The exclusion principle and the evolution of matter in particle statistics with a hierarchical structure" Phys. Usp., accepted

21st, May 2025

Оригинал: Романовский М Ю «Принцип запрета и эволюция вещества в статистиках частиц с иерархической структурой» УФН, принята к публикации; DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2025.05.040010

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