This review presents the origin, development, and objectives of the new field of "Radiation Medical Physics." The fundamental physical ideas underlying high-tech medical methods for the treatment of oncological malignancies and some of the most relevant areas of fundamental research in the field of radiation technologies for medicine are discussed. The results of joint work conducted by Moscow University and leading oncology centers in Moscow and Russia, which have gained wide recognition and are used to treat patients, are shown. The only Russian multi-stage system for training medical physicists working in radiotherapy departments of oncology centers and the role of Moscow University in the development of this educational and scientific field are described.

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Keywords: radiation, dose, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, radionuclide diagnostics, therapeutic interval PACS: 87.19.xj, 87.55.−x, 87.56.−v (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2025.05.040012 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2026/7/c/ Citation: Chernyaev A P, Lykova E N, Studenikin F R, Shcherbakov A A, Kim A A, Zheltonozhskaya M V "Radiation medical physics" Phys. Usp. 69 (7) (2026) Received: 8th, August 2025, accepted: 21st, May 2025 Оригинал: Черняев А П, Лыкова Е Н, Студеникин Ф Р, Щербаков А А, Ким А А, Желтоножская М В «Радиационная медицинская физика» УФН 196 708–725 (2026); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2025.05.040012