The review is devoted to the development of promising new technologies for diagnostics and radiotherapy in oncology using the Prometheus proton therapy complex based on the Lebedev Physical Institute proton synchrotron. The technologies of proton radiography and tomography, proton therapy with a scanning 'pencil' beam taking into account the intrafractional movement of a tumor, are presented. The results of research in the field of developing new binary technologies for sensitization of proton therapy using targeted nanoparticles are undergoing evaluation at the Russian proton therapy complex at the A Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center — a branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which ensures the implementation of developed technologies in medical practice. Optimization of the modes is achieved with the support of mathematical modeling of nuclear reactions and sensitization reactions in proton therapy. A project for upgrading the Prometheus proton therapy complex for irradiating tumors of various localizations is presented.

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Keywords: proton therapy, nuclear physics methods, intrafractional tumor movement, proton radiography, radiosensitizers, nanoparticles, tumor therapy PACS: 87.10.xj, 87.55.−x, 87.56.−v (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2024.04.039676 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2024/9/b/ Citation: Zavestovskaya I N, Kolobov A V, Ryabov V A "Current status and development of nuclear physics methods of proton therapy at the Lebedev Physical Institute" Phys. Usp. 67 (9) (2024) Received: 4th, March 2024, revised: 28th, March 2024, accepted: 27th, April 2024 Оригинал: Завестовская И Н, Колобов А В, Рябов В А «Современное состояние и развитие ядерно-физических методов протонной терапии в ФИАН» УФН 194 917–940 (2024); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2024.04.039676