Explosive emission processes in thermonuclear facilities with magnetic plasma confinement and in linear electron—positron colliders

S.A. Barengolts^†^a, b, c, G.A. Mesyats^‡^b
^aProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
^bLebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
^cInstitute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Amundsena 106, Ekaterinburg, 620016, Russian Federation

A model of the phenomenon of explosive electron emission based on its similarity to the electrical explosion of conductors is presented. With this model, the microexplosive processes occurring on a cathode surface due to the action of the explosive emission current have been simulated. The simulation results have been used to analyze explosive emission processes caused by the operation of unipolar arcs in thermonuclear reactors with magnetic plasma confinement and by the initiation of radiofrequency vacuum breakdowns in the accelerating structures of linear electron—positron colliders. The structure of the arc discharge cathode spot and the erosion characteristics have been investigated for nanostructured tungsten (W-fuzz) surfaces formed in thermonuclear reactors with magnetic plasma confinement. For radiofrequency vacuum breakdowns, the initiating parameters have been estimated, and prebreakdown and microexplosive processes have been simulated.

Keywords: pulsed vacuum breakdown, explosive electron emission, unipolar arc, cathode spot, field emission, radiofrequency vacuum breakdown
PACS: 52.40.Hf, 52.80.Vp, 79.70.+q (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2022.02.039163
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2023/7/d/
Citation: Barengolts S A, Mesyats G A "Explosive emission processes in thermonuclear facilities with magnetic plasma confinement and in linear electron—positron colliders" Phys. Usp. 66 704–721 (2023)

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@article{Barengolts:2023,
	author = {S. A. Barengolts and G. A. Mesyats},
	title = {Explosive emission processes in thermonuclear facilities with magnetic plasma confinement and in linear electron—positron colliders},
	publisher = {Physics-Uspekhi},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Phys. Usp.},
	volume = {66},
	number = {7},
	pages = {704-721},
	url = {https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2023/7/d/},
	doi = {10.3367/UFNe.2022.02.039163}
}

Received: 25th, January 2022, accepted: 28th, February 2022

Оригинал: Баренгольц С А, Месяц Г А «Взрывоэмиссионные процессы в термоядерных установках с магнитным удержанием плазмы и линейных электрон-позитронных коллайдерах» УФН 193 751–769 (2023); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2022.02.039163