Superconducting quantum fluctuations in one dimension

A.G. Semenov^†^a, b, A.D. Zaikin^‡^a, b
^aLebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
^bHSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation

We review some recent developments in the field of quasi-one-dimensional superconductivity. We demonstrate that low temperature properties of superconducting nanowires are essentially determined by quantum fluctuations. Smooth (Gaussian) fluctuations of the superconducting phase (also associated with plasma modes propagating along a wire) may significantly affect the electron density of states in such nanowires and induce persistent current noise in superconducting nanorings. Further interesting phenomena, such as nonvanishing resistance and shot noise of the voltage in current-biased superconducting nanowires, are caused by non-Gaussian fluctuations of the order parameter — quantum phase slips (QPSs). Such phenomena may be interpreted in terms of the tunneling of fluxons playing the role of effective quantum 'particles' dual to Cooper pairs and obeying complicated full counting statistics, which reduces to the Poissonian one in the low frequency limit. We also demonstrate that QPS effects may be particularly pronounced in the thinnest wires and rings, where quantum phase slips remain unbound and determine a nonperturbative length scale L_c, beyond which the supercurrent gets suppressed by quantum fluctuations. Accordingly, for T→ 0, such nanowires should become insulating at scales exceeding L_c, whereas at shorter length scales they may still exhibit superconducting properties. We argue that certain nontrivial features associated with quantum fluctuations of the order parameter may be sensitive to a specific circuit topology and may be observed in structures like a system of capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires.

Keywords: superconductivity, low-dimensional systems, quantum fluctuations, quantum phase slips
PACS: 74.25.F−, 74.40.−n, 74.78.Na (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.04.038962
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/9/a/
Web of Science

001099189500001
Scopus

2-s2.0-85108789686
ADS NASA

2022PhyU...65..883S
Citation: Semenov A G, Zaikin A D "Superconducting quantum fluctuations in one dimension" Phys. Usp. 65 883–919 (2022)

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Received: 24th, August 2020, revised: 5th, March 2021, accepted: 7th, April 2021

Оригинал: Семенов А Г, Заикин А Д «Сверхпроводящие квантовые флуктуации в одном измерении» УФН 192 945–983 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2021.04.038962

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