The review aims to generalize fundamental concepts that are necessary for understanding the mechanisms and principles of optical trapping in both liquid media and air. One of the objectives of the article is to familiarize a wide audience with the global experience and the prospects for developing the fundamental principles of the functioning of optical tweezers for various purposes. The paper describes in detail the design options of optical manipulators in terms of versatility and energy efficiency of their use in a wide range of modern practical purposes and tasks.

Keywords: optical tweezers, optical manipulators, optical trap, gradient forces, photophoretic force, pulling force, structured optical fields PACS: 42.25.−p, 42.40.My, 42.50.Wk, 42.62.−b, 42.62.Be, 42.79.−e (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2022.02.039161 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/8/c/ 001099034300002 2-s2.0-85140255442 Citation: Sokolenko B V, Shostka N V, Karakchieva O S "Optical tweezers and manipulators. Modern concepts and future prospects" Phys. Usp. 65 812–833 (2022) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Received: 21st, May 2021, revised: 19th, October 2021, accepted: 27th, February 2022 Оригинал: Соколенко Б В, Шостка Н В, Каракчиева О С «Оптические ловушки и манипуляторы. Современные концепции и дальнейшие перспективы» УФН 192 867–892 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2022.02.039161