RSS feeds
ÐóññêèéEnglish
Issue 11, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2022

 / 

January

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Topological superconductivity and Majorana states in low-dimensional systems

 a,  a,  a,  a,  a,  a, b,  c, d
a Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok 50, str. 38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
b Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University, prosp. Gazety Krasnoyarskii rabochii 31, Krasnoyarsk, 660014, Russian Federation
c Kapitza Institute of Physical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 2, Moscow, 117334, Russian Federation
d HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation

We discuss the properties of topologically nontrivial superconducting phases and the conditions for their realization in condensed media, the criteria for the appearance of elementary Majorana-type excitations in solids, and the corresponding principles and experimental methods for identifying Majorana bound states (MBSs). Along with the well-known Kitaev chain and superconducting nanowire (SNW) models with spin--orbit coupling in an external magnetic field, we discuss models of quasi-two-dimensional materials in which MBSs are realized in the presence of noncollinear spin ordering. For finite-length SNWs, we demonstrate a cascade of quantum transitions occurring with a change in the magnetic field, accompanied by a change in the fermion parity of the ground state. The corresponding anomalous behavior of the magnetocaloric effect can be used as a tool for identifying MBSs. We devote considerable attention to the analysis of the transport characteristics of devices that contain topologically nontrivial materials. The results of studying the conductivity of an Aharonov--Bohm ring whose arms are connected by an SNW are discussed in detail. An important feature of this device is the appearance of Fano resonances in the dependence of conductance on the magnetic field when the SNW is in a topologically nontrivial phase. We establish a relation between the characteristics of such resonances and the spatial structure of the lowest-energy SNW state. The conditions for the occurrence of an MBS in the phase of the coexistence of chiral d+id superconductivity and 120-degree spin ordering are determined in the framework of the t-J-V model on a triangular lattice. We take electron--electron interactions into account in discussing the topological invariants of low-dimensional superconducting materials with noncollinear spin ordering. The formation of Majorana modes in regions with an odd value of a topological ℤ invariant is demonstrated. The spatial structure of these excitations in the Hubbard fermion ensemble is determined.

Fulltext pdf (2.3 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.03.038950
Keywords: low-dimensional system, Majorana bound state, spin—orbit coupling, topological invariant, Coulomb correlations, noncollinear magnetism, topological superconductivity, quantum transport
PACS: 71.20.Nr, 71.20.Ps, 71.23.An, 71.70.Ej, 73.23.−b, 74.20.Rp, 74.25.F−, 74.90.+n (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.03.038950
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/1/b/
000788597000002
2-s2.0-85127103681
2022PhyU...65....2V
Citation: Val’kov V V, Shustin M S, Aksenov S V, Zlotnikov A O, Fedoseev A D, Mitskan V A, Kagan M Yu "Topological superconductivity and Majorana states in low-dimensional systems" Phys. Usp. 65 2–39 (2022)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 26th, May 2020, revised: 18th, December 2020, 11th, March 2021

Îðèãèíàë: Âàëüêîâ Â Â, Øóñòèí Ì Ñ, Àêñåíîâ Ñ Â, Çëîòíèêîâ À Î, Ôåäîñååâ À Ä, Ìèöêàí Â À, Êàãàí Ì Þ «Òîïîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñâåðõïðîâîäèìîñòü è ìàéîðàíîâñêèå ñîñòîÿíèÿ â íèçêîðàçìåðíûõ ñèñòåìàõ» ÓÔÍ 192 3–44 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2021.03.038950

References (285) Cited by (21) ↓ Similar articles (20)

  1. Yu K M, I K K et al Springer Series In Solid-State Sciences Vol. Electronic Phase Separation in Magnetic and Superconducting MaterialsInhomogeneous Fermi–Bose Mixture in the Aharonov–Bohm Ring with Topologically Nontrivial Superconducting Bridge201 Chapter 15 (2024) p. 317
  2. Yu K M, I K K et al Springer Series In Solid-State Sciences Vol. Electronic Phase Separation in Magnetic and Superconducting MaterialsManifestation of the EPE in the Microcontact with Deep and Shallow Traps201 Chapter 11 (2024) p. 231
  3. Eroshenko Yu N Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 194 1128 (2024)
  4. Aksenov S V Pisʹma V žurnal êksperimentalʹnoj I Teoretičeskoj Fiziki 120 51 (2024)
  5. Yu K M, I K K et al Springer Series In Solid-State Sciences Vol. Electronic Phase Separation in Magnetic and Superconducting MaterialsIntroduction. Spontaneously Formed Nanoscale Inhomogenieties in Different Materials201 Chapter 1 (2024) p. 1
  6. Aksenov S V, Kagan M Yu J Low Temp Phys 217 145 (2024)
  7. Aksenov S V Jetp Lett. 120 56 (2024)
  8. Shustin M S, Aksenov S V, Burmistrov I S Phys. Rev. B 109 (7) (2024)
  9. Dobrev V K Symmetry 16 151 (2024)
  10. Li G, Li M et al Rep. Prog. Phys. 87 016501 (2024)
  11. Gautam S, McBride J et al 2D Mater. 11 015018 (2024)
  12. Aksenov S V Phys. Rev. B 107 (8) (2023)
  13. Sugeta M, Mizushima T, Fujimoto S J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 92 (5) (2023)
  14. Kagan M Yu, Aksenov S V et al Jetp Lett. 117 755 (2023)
  15. Zlotnikov A O Phys. Rev. B 107 (14) (2023)
  16. Smirnov S Phys. Rev. B 107 (15) (2023)
  17. Gogin L, Rossi F, Dolcini F New J. Phys. 24 093025 (2022)
  18. Chitov G Y, Gadge K, Timonin P N Phys. Rev. B 106 (12) (2022)
  19. Smirnov S Phys. Rev. B 105 (20) (2022)
  20. Aksenov S V J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34 255301 (2022)
  21. Zlotnikov A O, Shustin M S, Fedoseev A D J Supercond Nov Magn 34 3053 (2021)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions