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Modern view of the solar wind from micro to macro scalesa Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str. 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation b Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie Gory 1 build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation c Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory 1 build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation d HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation e Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Leninskiye Gory 1, MSU, Main Building, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation f Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation Solar wind — a plasma stream flowing out of the solar corona — is interesting both as a carrier of solar activity and as an example of a collisionless plasma. The main results of Russian studies in recent years are presented. The original MHD model helps to interpret the bifurcation of the heliospheric current sheet during years of maximum activity as due to the quadrupole component of the heliomagnetic field. On a scale of the order of millions of kilometers, the solar wind consists of transient solar formations. On these scales, one of the basic geomagnetic forecast problems has been solved — it was shown that the interplanetary magnetic field can be assumed stable at times of about three hours. At small scales (hundreds to thousands of kilometers), local structures are formed that can be considered, both individually and statistically, turbulent cascades.
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