Walking molecular motors performing various functions in living cells are reviewed, including kinesin, myosin V and dynein. These motors ensure the transport of neuromediators in neurons and are therefore crucial for the interaction between the hundred billion of brain cells. Functional schemes based on these motors are presented, and corresponding mathematical models are constructed as systems of two coupled FitzHugh—Nagumo equations. However, polynomials describing the moments of force are of high order and nearly N-shaped. Model parameters are determined from motor functional schemes that are based on data from X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy, laser tweezer measurements and fast point marker based videomicroscopy. Basic data on neuron energetics are summarized.

Keywords: neuron, molecular motors, kinesin, myosin V, dynein, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), active site PACS: 87.10.−e, 87.16.Nn, 87.19.L− (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0186.201602b.0125 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2016/2/c/ 000377714800003 2-s2.0-84973139194 2016PhyU...59..121R Citation: Romanovsky Yu M, Trifonenkov V P "Energetics and stochastic dynamics of intraneuron transport" Phys. Usp. 59 121–140 (2016) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Received: 12th, October 2015, revised: 11th, November 2015, accepted: 12th, November 2015 Оригинал: Романовский Ю М, Трифоненков В П «Энергетика и стохастическая динамика внутринейронного транспорта» УФН 186 125–145 (2016); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0186.201602b.0125