RSS feeds
ÐóññêèéEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2016

 / 

November

←  →

On the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.L. Ginzburg. Physics of our days


Cooling and thermometry of atomic Fermi gases

 a, b
a Dipartimento di Fisica ‘Galileo Galilei’, Universita di Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, Padova, 35131, Italy
b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

We review the status of cooling techniques aimed at achieving the deepest quantum degeneracy for atomic Fermi gases. We first discuss some physics motivations, providing a quantitative assessment of the need for deep quantum degeneracy in relevant physics cases, such as the search for unconventional superfluid states. The attention is then focused on the most widespread technique to reach deep quantum degeneracy for Fermi systems, sympathetic cooling of Bose—Fermi mixtures, organizing the discussion according to the specific species involved. Various proposals to circumvent some of the limitations to achieve deepest Fermi degeneracy, and their experimental realizations, are then reviewed. We finally discuss the extension of these techniques to optical lattices, and the implementation of precision thermometry crucial to understand the phase diagram of classical and quantum phase transitions in Fermi gases.

Fulltext pdf (735 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2016.07.037873
Keywords: ultracold Fermi gases, Fermi—Bose mixtures, superfluidity phenomena, atomic trapping, thermometry
PACS: 03.75.Ss, 05.30.Fk, 07.20.Dt, 37.10.De, 67.60.Bc (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2016.07.037873
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2016/11/c/
000396002700003
2-s2.0-85012970207
2016PhyU...59.1129O
Citation: Onofrio R "Cooling and thermometry of atomic Fermi gases" Phys. Usp. 59 1129–1153 (2016)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 8th, June 2016, revised: 5th, July 2016, 6th, July 2016

Îðèãèíàë: Îíîôðèî Ð «Îõëàæäåíèå è òåðìîìåòðèÿ àòîìíûõ ôåðìè-ãàçîâ» ÓÔÍ 186 1229–1256 (2016); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2016.07.037873

References (232) ↓ Cited by (91)

  1. Kapitza P Nature 141 74 (1938)
  2. Allen J F, Misener A D Nature 141 75 (1938)
  3. Landau L D J. Phys. USSR 5 71 (1941); Landau L D Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 11 592 (1941)
  4. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 1240 (2004); Ginzburg V L Phys. Usp. 47 1155 (2004); Ginzburg V L Rev. Mod. Phys. 76 981 (2004)
  5. Fetter A L, Svidzinsky A A J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13 R135 (2001)
  6. Fetter A L Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 647 (2009)
  7. Hall H E, Vinen W F Proc. R. Phys. Soc. A 238 204 (1956)
  8. Hess G B, Fairbank W M Phys. Rev. Lett. 19 216 (1967)
  9. Sanders T M, Packard R Phys. Rev. Lett. 22 823 (1969)
  10. Packard R E, Sanders T M (Jr.) Phys. Rev. A 6 799 (1972)
  11. Abo-Shaeer J R et al. Science 292 476 (2001)
  12. Abrikosov A A Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 32 1442 (1957); Abrikosov A A Sov. Phys. JETP 5 1174 (1957)
  13. Raman C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 210402 (2001)
  14. Abo-Shaeer J R, Raman C, Ketterle W Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 070409 (2002)
  15. Pethick C J, Smith H Bose—Einstein Condensation In Dilute Gases (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002)
  16. Pitaevskii L P, Stringari S Bose—Einstein Condensation (Oxford: Oxford Sci. Publ., 2003)
  17. Anderson M H et al. Science 269 198 (1995)
  18. Davis K B et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 3969 (1995)
  19. Bradley C C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1687 (1995)
  20. DeMarco B, Jin D S Science 285 1703 (1999)
  21. Truscott A G et al. Science 291 2570 (2001)
  22. Schreck F et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 080403 (2001)
  23. Goldwin J et al. Phys. Rev. A 65 021402 (2001)
  24. Modugno G et al. Science 294 1320 (2001)
  25. Modugno G et al. Science 297 2240 (2002)
  26. Roati G et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 150403 (2002)
  27. O’Hara K M et al. Science 298 2179 (2002)
  28. Stoof H T C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 10 (1996)
  29. Chen Q et al. Phys. Rep. 412 1 (2005)
  30. Giorgini S, Pitaevskii L P, Stringari S Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 1215 (2008)
  31. Ketterle W, Zwierlein M W Riv. Nuovo Cimento 31 247 (2008)
  32. Raman C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 2502 (1999)
  33. Onofrio R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2228 (2000)
  34. McKay D C, DeMarco B Rep. Prog. Phys. 74 054401 (2011)
  35. Cooper L N Phys. Rev. 104 1189 (1956)
  36. Bardeen J, Cooper L N, Schrieffer J R Phys. Rev. 106 162 (1957)
  37. Ginzburg V L, Landau L D Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 20 1064 (1950); Per. na angl. yaz., Ginzburg V L, Landau L D Landau L D. Collected Papers (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1965) p. 546
  38. Gor’kov L P Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 36 1918 (1959); Gor’kov L P Sov. Phys. JETP 9 1364 (1959)
  39. Chandrashekar B S Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 7 (1962)
  40. Clogston A M Phys. Rev. Lett. 9 266 (1962)
  41. Larkin A I, Ovchinnikov Yu N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47 1136 (1964); Larkin A I, Ovchinnikov Yu N Sov. Phys. JETP 20 762 (1965)
  42. Fulde P, Ferrel R A Phys. Rev. 135 A550 (1964)
  43. Sarma G J. Phys. Chem. Solids 24 1029 (1963)
  44. Wu S-T, Yip S-K Phys. Rev. A 67 053603 (2003)
  45. Pao C-H, Wu S-T, Yip S-K Phys. Rev. B 73 132506 (2006)
  46. Müther H, Sedrakian A Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 252503 (2002)
  47. Sedrakian A et al. Phys. Rev. A 72 013613 (2005)
  48. Sedrakian A, Müther H, Polls A Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 140404 (2006)
  49. Liu W V, Wilczek F Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 047002 (2003)
  50. Gloos K et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 501 (1993)
  51. Radovan H A et al. Nature 425 51 (2003)
  52. Kakuyanagi K et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 047602 (2005)
  53. Dupuis N Phys. Rev. B 51 9074 (1995)
  54. Zwierlein M et al. Science 311 492 (2006)
  55. Partridge G B et al. Science 311 503 (2006)
  56. Liao Y-A et al. Nature 467 567 (2010)
  57. Matsuo S et al. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67 280 (1998)
  58. Gor’kov L P, Melik-Barkhudarov T K Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 40 1452 (1961); Gor’kov L P, Melik-Barkhudarov T K Sov. Phys. JETP 13 1018 (1961)
  59. Liu X-J, Hu H, Drummond P D Phys. Rev. A 76 043605 (2007)
  60. Yanase Y Phys. Rev. B 80 220510(R) (2009)
  61. Crescimanno M, Kaoy C G, Peterson R Phys. Rev. A 61 053602 (2000)
  62. Holland M J, DeMarco B, Jin D S Phys. Rev. A 61 053610 (2000)
  63. Baranov M A Phys. Rep. 464 71 (2008)
  64. Martin A M et al. arXiv:1606.07107
  65. Lu M, Burdick N Q, Lev B L Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 215301 (2012)
  66. Burdick N Q et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 023201 (2015)
  67. Burdick N Q, Tang Y, Lev B L Phys. Rev. X 6 031022 (2016); Burdick N Q, Tang Y, Lev B L arXiv:1605.03211
  68. Aikawa K et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 010404 (2014)
  69. Aikawa K et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 263201 (2014)
  70. Pasquiou B et al. Phys. Rev. A 81 042716 (2010)
  71. Houbiers M et al. Phys. Rev. A 56 4864 (1997)
  72. Granade S R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 120405 (2002)
  73. Jochim S et al. Science 302 2101 (2003)
  74. Fuchs J et al. J. Phys. B 40 4109 (2007)
  75. Mart’yanov K A, Makhalov V B, Turlapov A V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 401 (2010); Martiyanov K A, Makhalov V B, Turlapov A V JETP Lett. 91 369 (2010)
  76. Martiyanov K, Makhalov V, Turlapov A Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 030404 (2010)
  77. Frölich B et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 105301 (2011)
  78. Ottenstein T B et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 203202 (2008)
  79. Huckans J H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 165302 (2009)
  80. Inada Y et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 100401 (2008)
  81. DeSalvo B J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 030402 (2010)
  82. Myatt C J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 586 (1997)
  83. Mølmer K Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1804 (1998)
  84. Schreck F et al. Phys. Rev. A 64 011402(R) (2001)
  85. Van Abeleen F A, Verhaar B J, Moerdijk A J Phys. Rev. A 55 4377 (1997)
  86. Combescot R Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 3766 (1999)
  87. Ferrier-Barbut I et al. Science 345 1035 (2014)
  88. Delehaye M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 265303 (2015)
  89. Hadzibabic Z et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 160401 (2002)
  90. Hadzibabic Z et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 160401 (2003)
  91. Zwierlein M W et al. Nature 435 1047 (2005)
  92. Goldwin J et al. Phys. Rev. A 70 021601(R) (2004)
  93. Ospelkaus C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 020401 (2006)
  94. Modugno G et al. Phys. Rev. A 68 011601 (2003)
  95. Köhl M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 08403 (2005)
  96. Aubin S et al. Nature Phys. 2 384 (2006)
  97. Ni K-K et al. Science 322 231 (2008)
  98. Wang P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 210401 (2011)
  99. Timmermans E Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 240403 (2001)
  100. Cotè R, Onofrio R, Timmermans E Phys. Rev. A 72 041605(R) (2005)
  101. Silber C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 170408 (2005)
  102. Deh B et al. Phys. Rev. A 77 010701(R) (2008)
  103. Li Z et al. Phys. Rev. A 78 022710 (2008)
  104. Deh B et al. Phys. Rev. A 82 020701(R) (2010)
  105. Brown-Hayes M, Kim W-J, Wei Q, Onofrio R Laser Phys. 17 514 (2007)
  106. Ladouceur K et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 201 (2009)
  107. Marti G E et al. Phys. Rev. A 81 043424 (2010)
  108. McNamara J M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 080404 (2006)
  109. Jeltes T et al. Nature 445 402 (2007)
  110. Vassen W et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 175 (2012)
  111. Honda K et al. Phys. Rev. A 66 021401(R) (2002)
  112. Takasu Y et al. Laser Phys. 16 713 (2006)
  113. Fukuhara T et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 030401 (2007)
  114. Fukuhara T et al. J. Low Temp. Phys. 148 148 (2007)
  115. Fukuhara T et al. Phys. Rev. A 79 021601(R) (2009)
  116. Fukuhara T, Tsujimoto T, Takahashi Y Appl. Phys. B 96 271 (2009)
  117. Tey M K et al. Phys. Rev. A 82 011608(R) (2010)
  118. Hara H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 205304 (2011)
  119. Hansen A H et al. Phys. Rev. A 84 011606(R) (2011)
  120. Hansen A H et al. Phys. Rev. A 87 013615 (2013)
  121. Tassy S et al. J. Phys. B 43 205309 (2010)
  122. Baumer F et al. Phys. Rev. A 83 040702(R) (2011)
  123. Vaidya V D et al. Phys. Rev. A 92 043604 (2015)
  124. Park J W et al. Phys. Rev. A 85 051602(R) (2012)
  125. Yao X-C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 145301 (2016); Yao X-C et al. arXiv:1606.01717
  126. Casalbuoni R, Nardulli G Rev. Mod. Phys 76 263 (2004)
  127. Huang L et al. Nature Phys. 12 540 (2016)
  128. Geist W, You L, Kennedy T A B Phys. Rev. A 59 1500 (1999)
  129. Viverit L et al. Phys. Rev. A 63 033603 (2001)
  130. Stamper-Kurn D M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 2027 (1998)
  131. Wouters M, Tempere J, Devreese J T Phys. Rev. A 66 043414 (2002)
  132. Idziasek Z, Santos L, Lewenstein M Europhys. Lett. 70 572 (2005)
  133. Carr L D, Bourdel T, Castin Y Phys. Rev. A 69 033603 (2004)
  134. Carr L D, Castin Y Phys. Rev. A 69 043611 (2004)
  135. Onofrio R, Presilla C Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 100401 (2002)
  136. Brown-Hayes M, Onofrio R Phys. Rev. A 70 063614 (2004)
  137. Timmermans E, Cotè R Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 3419 (1998)
  138. Presilla C, Onofrio R Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 030404 (2003)
  139. Ashkin A, Gordon J P Opt. Lett. 4 161 (1979)
  140. Onofrio R, Presilla C J. Stat. Phys. 115 57 (2004)
  141. Brown-Hayes M, Wei Q, Presilla C, Onofrio R Phys. Rev. A 78 013617 (2008)
  142. Leanhardt A E et al. Science 301 1513 (2003)
  143. Ketterle W, Pritchard D E Phys. Rev. A 46 4051 (1992)
  144. Chen X et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 063002 (2010)
  145. Torrontegui E et al. Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 62 117 (2013)
  146. Schaff J-F et al. Phys. Rev. A 82 033430 (2010)
  147. Schaff J-F et al. Europhys. Lett. 93 23001 (2011)
  148. Schaff J-F et al. New J. Phys. 13 113017 (2011)
  149. Torrontegui E et al. Phys. Rev. A 83 013415 (2011)
  150. Lewis H R Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 510 (1967)
  151. Lewis H R, Riesenfeld W B J. Math. Phys. 10 1458 (1969)
  152. Ermakov V P Univ. Izv. Kiev (20) 1 (1880)
  153. Choi S, Onofrio R, Sundaram B Phys. Rev. A 84 051601(R) (2011)
  154. Castin Y, Dum R Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 5315 (1996)
  155. Catani J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 140401 (2009)
  156. LeBlanc L J, Thywissen J H Phys. Rev. A 75 053612 (2007)
  157. Rehr J J, Mermin N D Phys. Rev. B 1 3160 (1970)
  158. Bagnato V, Kleppner D Phys. Rev. A 44 7439 (1991)
  159. Ketterle W, van Druten N J Phys. Rev. A 54 656 (1996)
  160. Moritz H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 210401 (2005)
  161. Schönhammer K Am. J. Phys. 68 1032 (2000)
  162. Mullin W J, Fernandez J P Am. J. Phys. 71 661 (2003)
  163. Pinkse P W H et al. Phys. Rev. A 57 4747 (1998)
  164. Surkov E L, Walraven J T M, Shlyapnikov G V Phys. Rev. A 53 3403 (1996)
  165. Görlitz A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 130402 (2001)
  166. Greiner M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 160405 (2001)
  167. Moritz H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 250402 (2003)
  168. Mur-Petit J et al. Phys. Rev. A 69 023606 (2004)
  169. Samokhvalov A V, Mel’nikov A S, Buzdin A I Phys. Rev. B 82 174514 (2010)
  170. Dalmonte M et al. Phys. Rev. B 85 063608 (2012)
  171. Duarte P M et al. Phys. Rev. A 84 061406(R) (2011)
  172. McKay D C et al. Phys. Rev. A 84 063420 (2011)
  173. Sebastian J et al. Phys. Rev. A 90 033417 (2014)
  174. Rio Fernandes D et al. Europhys. Lett. 100 63001 (2012)
  175. Burchianti A et al. Phys. Rev. A 90 043408 (2014)
  176. Helmerson K, Xiao M, Pritchard D Intern. Quantum Electronics Conf., 1990, Book of Abstracts, OSA Technical Digest (Washington DC: Optical Society of America, 1990), paper QTHH4
  177. Imamoglu A, You L Phys. Rev. A 50 2642 (1994)
  178. Javanainen J, Roustekoski J Phys. Rev. A 52 3033 (1995)
  179. Busch Th et al. Europhys. Lett. 44 1 (1998)
  180. Görlitz A, Chikkatur A P, Ketterle W Phys. Rev. B 63 041601(R) (2001)
  181. Shive B, Thywissen J H J. Phys. B 43 015301 (2010)
  182. Idziaszek Z, Santos L, Lewenstein M Phys. Rev. B 64 051402(R) (2001)
  183. Idziaszek Z et al. Phys. Rev. A 67 041403(R) (2003)
  184. Idziaszek Z et al. J. Opt. B 5 S190 (2003)
  185. Dziarmaga J, Lewenstein M Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 090403 (2005)
  186. Dziarmaga J, Lewenstein M Phys. Rev. A 72 033606 (2005)
  187. Onofrio R Phys. Rev. A 93 033414 (2016)
  188. Gross Ch, Gan H C J, Dieckmann K Phys. Rev. A 93 053424 (2016)
  189. Hofstetter W et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 220407 (2002)
  190. Albus A, Illuminati F, Eisert J Phys. Rev. A 68 023606 (2003)
  191. Bloch I, Dalibard J, Zwerger W Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 885 (2008)
  192. Lewenstein M, Sanpera A, Ahufiniger V Ultracold Atoms In Optical Lattices (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2012)
  193. Lloyd S Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 346 (1995)
  194. Harel G, Akulin V M Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1 (1999)
  195. Brion E, Comparat D, Harel G Eur. Phys. J. D 38 381 (2006)
  196. Liu X et al. Phys. Rev. A 83 063402 (2011)
  197. Yuce C Phys. Lett. A 376 1717 (2012)
  198. Masuda S, Nakamura K, del Campo A Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 063003 (2014)
  199. Masuda S, Nakamura K Phys. Rev. A 78 062108 (2008)
  200. Masuda S, Nakamura K Proc. R. Soc. London A 466 1135 (2010)
  201. Masuda S, Nakamura K Phys. Rev. A 84 043434 (2011)
  202. Onofrio R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 810 (2000)
  203. Milner V et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1514 (2001)
  204. Friedman N et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1518 (2001)
  205. Henderson K et al. New J. Phys. 11 043030 (2009)
  206. Dolfi M et al. Phys. Rev. A 91 033407 (2015)
  207. Mathy C J M, Huse D A, Hulet R G Phys. Rev. A 86 023606 (2012)
  208. Paiwa T et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 240402 (2015)
  209. Wolf S, Olivier S J, Weiss D S Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 4249 (2000)
  210. Sandner R M et al. Phys. Rev. A 84 043825 (2011)
  211. Omran A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 263001 (2015)
  212. Köhl M Phys. Rev. A 73 031601(R) (2006)
  213. Weld D M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 245301 (2009)
  214. Weld D M et al. Phys. Rev. A 82 051603(R) (2010)
  215. Zhou Q, Ho T-L Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 225301 (2011)
  216. Bernier J-S et al. Phys. Rev. A 81 063618 (2010)
  217. Ruostekoski J, Foot C J, Deb A B Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 170404 (2009)
  218. McDonald M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 043624 (2015)
  219. Roscilde T Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 110403 (2014)
  220. Loida K, Sheikhan A, Kollath C Phys. Rev. A 92 043624 (2015)
  221. Greiner M et al. Nature 415 39 (2002)
  222. Jördens R et al. Nature 455 204 (2008)
  223. Schneider U et al. Science 322 1520 (2008)
  224. Albiez M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 010402 (2005)
  225. Ramanathan A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 130401 (2011)
  226. Moulder S et al. Phys. Rev. A 86 013629 (2012)
  227. Ryu C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 205301 (2013)
  228. Edward Marti G, Olf R, Stamper-Kurn D M Phys. Rev. A 91 013602 (2015)
  229. Barmashova T V i dr. Usp. Fiz. Nauk 186 183 (2016); Barmashova T V et al. Phys. Usp. 59 174 (2016)
  230. Braginskii V B Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 53 1434 (1967); Braginsky V B Sov. Phys. JETP 26 831 (1968)
  231. Braginskii V B, Vorontsov Yu I Usp. Fiz. Nauk 114 41 (1974); Braginskii V B, Vorontsov Yu I Sov. Phys. Usp. 17 644 (1975)
  232. Braginsky V B, Khalili F Ya Rev. Mod. Phys. 68 1 (1996)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions