RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 4, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2014

 / 

June

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Holographic approach to quark—gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions


V.A. Steklov Mathematical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

We review recent applications of dual holographic approach to the quark—gluon plasma observed in high energy collisions of relativistic heavy ions. Holography and AdS/CFT duality provide a means to study the properties of strong coupling quantum field theories using higher-dimensional gravity theories. The appearance of quark—gluon plasma in a heavy ion collision can in dual terms be described as the formation of a black hole. To illustrate the major achievements of holographic theory we discuss the calculation of the following quantities: the shear viscosity and other transport coefficients (all calculated by second order hydrodynamic models), the energy dependence of multiplicities, and the anisotropic thermalization and isotropization times. We also compare theoretical predictions with experimental data, including the recent LHC results.

Fulltext pdf (913 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201406a.0569
PACS: 04.50.Gh, 11.25.Tq, 12.38.Mh, 24.85.+p (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201406a.0569
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2014/6/a/
000341906900001
2-s2.0-84907014957
2014PhyU...57..527A
Citation: Aref’eva I Ya "Holographic approach to quark—gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions" Phys. Usp. 57 527–555 (2014)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 26th, May 2013, revised: 5th, July 2013, 2nd, August 2013

Оригинал: Арефьева И Я «Голографическое описание кварк-глюонной плазмы, образующейся при столкновениях тяжёлых ионов» УФН 184 569–598 (2014); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201406a.0569

References (302) ↓ Cited by (65) Similar articles (20)

  1. Adams J et al. (STAR Collab.) Nucl. Phys. A 757 102 (2005)
  2. Adcox K et al. (PHENIX Collab.) Nucl. Phys. A 757 184 (2005)
  3. Arsene I et al. (BRAHMS Collab.) Nucl. Phys. A 757 1 (2005)
  4. Back B B et al. Nucl. Phys. A 757 28 (2005)
  5. "Quark Matter 2011: Proc. of the 22nd Intern. Conf. on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus—Nucleus Collisions, Annecy, France, 23 - 28 May 2011" J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 38 (12) (2011)
  6. Aamodt K et al. (ALICE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 252301 (2010)
  7. Masui H et al. Nucl. Phys. A 830 463C (2009)
  8. Shuryak E Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 53 273 (2004)
  9. Shuryak E Nucl. Phys. A 750 64 (2005)
  10. Heinz U W hep-ph/0407360
  11. Leonidov A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 175 345 (2005); Leonidov A V Phys. Usp. 48 323 (2005)
  12. Salgado C A arXiv:0907.1219
  13. Dremin I M, Leonidov A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 180 1167 (2010); Dremin I M, Leonidov A V Phys. Usp. 53 1123 (2010)
  14. Gelis F J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 381 012021 (2012); Gelis F arXiv:1110.1544
  15. Snellings R New J. Phys. 13 055008 (2011); Snellings R arXiv:1102.3010
  16. Gyulassy M, McLerran L Nucl. Phys. A 750 30 (2005); Gyulassy M, McLerran L nucl-th/0405013
  17. Alford M G et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 1455 (2008); Alford M G et al. arXiv:0709.4635
  18. Sorensen P arXiv:1201.0784
  19. Iancu E arXiv:1205.0579
  20. Maldacena J M Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 231 (1998)
  21. Gubser S S, Klebanov I R, Polyakov A M Phys. Lett. B 428 105 (1998)
  22. Witten E Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 253 (1998)
  23. Aharony O et al. Phys. Rep. 323 183 (2000)
  24. Casalderrey-Solana J et al. arXiv:1101.0618
  25. Landau L D Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Fiz. 17 51 (1953)
  26. Fermi E Prog. Theor. Phys. 5 570 (1950)
  27. Pomeranchuk I Ya Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 78 884 (1951)
  28. Aref’eva I Ya, Slavnov A A "Teoriya kalibrovochnykh polei" XIV Mezhdunarodnaya Shkola Molodykh Uchenykh Po Fizike Vysokikh Energii, Dubna, 1980 (Dubna: OIYaI, 1981) p. 36
  29. Snellings R J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 381 012019 (2012)
  30. Martinez G arXiv:1304.1452
  31. Singh R et al. Adv. High Energy Phys. 2013 761474 (2013); Singh R et al. arXiv:1304.2969
  32. Karsch F Lecture Notes Phys. 583 209 (2002); Karsch F hep-lat/0106019
  33. Fortov V E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 653 (2009); Fortov V E Phys. Usp. 52 615 (2009)
  34. Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Vvedenie v Teoriyu Rannei Vselennoi: Teoriya Goryachego Bol’shogo Vzryva (M.: LKI, 2008); Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Introduction To The Theory Of The Early Universe: Hot Big Bang Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 2011)
  35. Flambaum V V, Shuryak E V Europhys. Lett. 74 813 (2006); Flambaum V V, Shuryak E V hep-th/0512038
  36. Shuryak E Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 62 48 (2009); Shuryak E arXiv:0807.3033
  37. Feinberg E L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 168 697 (1998); Feinberg E L Phys. Usp. 41 617 (1998)
  38. Denisov D "Experimental Summary 2013" Rencontres de Moriond QCD and High Energy Interactions, La Thuile, March 9 - 16, 2013; Denisov D arXiv:1306.6908
  39. Salgado C A arXiv:0907.1219
  40. Barannikova O (STAR Collab.) nucl-ex/0403014
  41. Braun-Munzinger P, Redlich K, Stachel J Quark Gluon Plasma (Eds R C Hwa, X-N Wang) (Singapore: World Scientific Publ., 2004) p. 491
  42. Adare A et al. (PHENIX Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 132301 (2010)
  43. Pen’e S, Smilga A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 697 (2009); Peigné S, Smilga A V Phys. Usp. 52 659 (2009)
  44. Matsui T, Satz H Phys. Lett. B 178 416 (1986)
  45. Kaczmarek O et al. Phys. Rev. D 70 074505 (2004); Kaczmarek O et al. Phys. Rev. D 72 059903 (2005), Erratum
  46. Petrov K (RBC-Bielefeld Collab.) PoS LAT 2006 144 (2006)
  47. Satz H J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 32 L25 (2006)
  48. Karsch F, Mehr M T, Satz H Z. Phys. C 37 617 (1988)
  49. Digal S, Petreczky P, Satz H Phys. Rev. D 64 094015 (2001)
  50. Mocsy A, Petreczky P Phys. Rev. D 73 074007 (2006)
  51. Mocsy A, Petreczky P Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 211602 (2007)
  52. Adare A et al. (PHENIX Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 232301 (2007)
  53. Chatrchyan S et al. (CMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 222301 (2012)
  54. Ollitrault J Y Phys. Rev. D 46 229 (1992)
  55. Wang X N Phys. Rev. C 63 054902 (2001)
  56. Gyulassy M et al. Phys. Lett. B 526 301 (2002)
  57. Gyulassy M, Vitev I, Wang X N Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2537 (2001)
  58. Ali A, Kramer G Eur. Phys. J. H 36 245 (2011)
  59. Brodsky S J, de Téramond G, Karliner M Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 62 1 (2012)
  60. Gribov V N, Lipatov L N Yad. Fiz. 15 1218 (1972); Gribov V N, Lipatov L N Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 15 675 (1972)
  61. Dokshitser Yu L Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73 1216 (1977); Dokshitser Yu L Sov. Phys. JETP 46 641 (1977)
  62. Altarelli G, Parisi G Nucl. Phys. B 126 298 (1977)
  63. Muller B, Schafer A Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 20 2235 (2011)
  64. Bjorken J D Phys. Rev. D 27 140 (1983)
  65. Aamodt K et al. (ALICE Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 696 328 (2011)
  66. Hanbury Brown R, Twiss R Nature 178 1046 (1956)
  67. Lisa M A et al. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 55 357 (2005)
  68. Petráň M, Rafelski J Phys. Rev. C 88 021901(R) (2013); Petráň M, Rafelski J arXiv:1303.0913
  69. Aad G et al. (ATLAS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 710 363 (2012)
  70. Back B B et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 052303 (2003)
  71. Wong C Y Phys. Rev. C 78 054902 (2008)
  72. Steinberg P Nucl. Phys. A 752 423 (2005)
  73. Wong C Y EPJ Web Conf. 7 01006 (2010)
  74. Abbas E et al. (ALICE Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 726 610 (2013); Abbas E et al. (ALICE Collab.) arXiv:1304.0347
  75. Chatrchyan S et al. (CMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 152303 (2012)
  76. Belen’kii S 3, Landau L D Usp. Fiz. Nauk 56 309 (1955)
  77. Khalatnikov I M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 27 529 (1954)
  78. Rozental’ I L Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 31 278 (1956); Rozental’ I L Sov. Phys. JETP 4 217 (1957)
  79. Milekhin G A Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 35 978 (1958); Milekhin G A Sov. Phys. JETP 8 682 (1959)
  80. Liao J, Koch V Phys. Rev. C 80 034904 (2009)
  81. Teaney D, Lauret J, Shuryak E V Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 4783 (2001)
  82. Huovinen P et al. Phys. Lett. B 503 58 (2001)
  83. Kolb P F et al. Nucl. Phys. A 696 197 (2001)
  84. Hirano T, Tsuda K Phys. Rev. C 66 054905 (2002)
  85. Kolb P F, Heinz U W Quark Gluon Plasma (Eds R C Hwa, X-N Wang) (Singapore: World Scientific Publ., 2004) p. 634
  86. Teaney D A arXiv:0905.2433
  87. Janik R A, Peschanski R B Phys. Rev. D 73 045013 (2006)
  88. Gubser S S Phys. Rev. D 82 085027 (2010)
  89. Gubser S S, Yarom A Nucl. Phys. B 846 469 (2011)
  90. Staig P, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. C 84 034908 (2011)
  91. Staig P, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. C 84 044912 (2011)
  92. Gubser S S Phys. Rev. C 87 014909 (2013)
  93. DeWolfe O et al. arXiv:1304.7794
  94. Lappi T, McLerran L Nucl. Phys. A 772 200 (2006)
  95. Eckart C Phys. Rev. 58 919 (1940)
  96. Landau L D, Lifshits E M Gidrodinamika (M.: Nauka, 1986); Landau L D, Lifshitz E M Fluid Mechanics (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987)
  97. Israel W Ann. Physics 100 310 (1976)
  98. Stewart J Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 357 59 (1977)
  99. Israel W, Stewart J M Ann. Physics 118 341 (1979)
  100. Liu I-Sh, Müller I, Ruggeri T Ann. Physics 169 191 (1986)
  101. Baier R et al. JHEP (04) 100 (2008)
  102. Bhattacharyya S et al. JHEP (02) 045 (2008)
  103. Hubeny V E, Minwalla S, Rangamani M arXiv:1107.5780
  104. Hiscock W A, Lindblom L Ann. Physics 151 466 (1983)
  105. Pu S, Koide T, Rischke D H Phys. Rev. D 81 114039 (2010)
  106. Gale C, Jeon S, Schenke B Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 28 1340011 (2013)
  107. Betz B, Henkel D, Rischke D H J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 36 064029 (2009)
  108. Muronga A Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 062302 (2002); Muronga A Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 159901 (2002), Erratum
  109. Denicol G S et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 48 170 (2012); Denicol G S et al. arXiv:1206.1554
  110. Florchinger S, Wiedemann U A JHEP (11) 100 (2011)
  111. Romatschke P Eur. Phys. J. C 52 203 (2007)
  112. Romatschke P, Romatschke U Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 172301 (2007)
  113. Luzum M, Romatschke P Phys. Rev. C 78 034915 (2008); Luzum M, Romatschke P Phys. Rev. C 79 039903 (2009), Erratum
  114. Heinz U W, Song H, Chaudhuri A K Phys. Rev. C 73 034904 (2006)
  115. Song H, Heinz U W Phys. Lett. B 658 279 (2008)
  116. Song H, Heinz U W Phys. Rev. C 78 024902 (2008)
  117. Grmela M, Ottinger H C Phys. Rev. E 56 6620 (1997)
  118. Dusling K, Teaney D Phys. Rev. C 77 034905 (2008)
  119. Schenke B, Jeon S, Gale C Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 042301 (2011)
  120. Schenke B, Jeon S, Gale C Phys. Lett. B 702 59 (2011)
  121. Bozek P Phys. Rev. C 85 034901 (2012)
  122. Denicol G S et al. Phys. Rev. C 80 064901 (2009)
  123. Monnai A, Hirano T Phys. Rev. C 80 054906 (2009)
  124. Song H, Heinz U Phys. Rev. C 81 024905 (2010)
  125. Paech K, Pratt S Phys. Rev. C 74 014901 (2006)
  126. Kharzeev D, Tuchin K JHEP (09) 093 (2008)
  127. Meyer H B Nucl. Phys. A 830 641c (2009)
  128. Buchel A Phys. Lett. B 681 200 (2009)
  129. El A, Xu Z, Greiner C Phys. Rev. C 81 041901 (2010)
  130. Heinz U W, Snellings R Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 63 123 (2013); Heinz U W, Snellings R arXiv:1301.2826
  131. Martinez M, Strickland M Nucl. Phys. A 848 183 (2010)
  132. Martinez M, Strickland M Nucl. Phys. A 856 68 (2011)
  133. Florkowski W, Ryblewski R Phys. Rev. C 83 034907 (2011)
  134. Ryblewski R, Florkowski W Eur. Phys. J. C 71 1761 (2011)
  135. Peschanski R, Saridakis E N Nucl. Phys. A 849 147 (2011)
  136. Martinez M, Ryblewski R, Strickland M Phys. Rev. C 85 064913 (2012)
  137. Ollitrault J Y Eur. J. Phys. 29 275 (2008)
  138. Miller M L et al. Anng. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57 205 (2007)
  139. Teaney D A arXiv:0905.2433
  140. Hirano T, van der Kolk N, Bilandzic A Lecture Notes Phys. 785 139 (2010)
  141. Luzum M, Ollitrault J-Y Nucl. Phys. A 904-905 377 (2013); Luzum M, Ollitrault J-Y arXiv:1210.6010
  142. Peschanski R, Saridakis E N Phys. Rev. C 80 024907 (2009)
  143. Khalatnikov I M, Kamenshchik A Y Phys. Lett. A 331 12 (2004)
  144. Kovtun P, Son D T, Starinets A O Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 111601 (2005)
  145. Heller M P, Janik R A, Peschanski R Acta Phys. Polon. B 39 3183 (2008)
  146. Berges J et al. Phys. Rev. D 89 074011 (2014); Berges J et al. arXiv:1303.5650
  147. Nakamura A, Sakai S Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 072305 (2005)
  148. Meyer H B Phys. Rev. D 76 101701 (2007)
  149. Alver B et al. (PHOBOS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 242302 (2007)
  150. Alver B H et al. Phys. Rev. C 82 034913 (2010)
  151. Alver B, Roland G Phys. Rev. C 81 054905 (2010)
  152. Schenke B, Jeon S, Gale C Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 042301 (2011)
  153. Qiu Z, Heinz U W Phys. Rev. C 84 024911 (2011)
  154. Gale C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 012302 (2013)
  155. Iancu E, Venugopalan R Quark Gluon Plasma (Eds R C Hwa, X-N Wang) (Singapore: World Scientific Publ., 2004) p. 249
  156. Gelis F Nucl. Phys. A 854 10 (2011)
  157. Schenke B, Tribedy P, Venugopalan R Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 252301 (2012)
  158. Schenke B, Tribedy P, Venugopalan R Phys. Rev. C 86 034908 (2012)
  159. Cleymans J Pramana 60 787 (2003)
  160. Steinberg P Acta Phys. Hung. A 24 51 (2005)
  161. Steinberg P PoS CPOD 2006 036 (2006)
  162. Allton C R et al. Phys. Rev. D 71 054508 (2005)
  163. Huovinen P, Petreczky P, Schmidt C Central Eur. J. Phys. 10 1385 (2012)
  164. Miao C, Schmidt C (RBC-Bielefeld Collab.) PoS LATTICE2008 172 (2008)
  165. Cheng M et al. Phys. Rev. D 79 074505 (2009)
  166. Borsanyi S et al. JHEP (11) 077 (2010); Borsanyi S et al. arXiv:1007.2580
  167. Policastro G, Son D T, Starinets A O Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 081601 (2001)
  168. Policastro G, Son D T, Starinets A O JHEP (09) 043 (2002)
  169. Kovtun P, Son D T, Starinets A O JHEP (10) 064 (2003)
  170. Heller M P, Janik R A Phys. Rev. D 76 025027 (2007)
  171. Buchel A Phys. Rev. D 85 066004 (2012)
  172. Keldysh L V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47 1515 (1964); Keldysh L V Sov. Phys. JETP 20 1018 (1965)
  173. Czajka A, Mrowczynski S Phys. Rev. D 86 025017 (2012)
  174. Aref’eva I Ya, Volovich I V Phys. Lett. B 433 49 (1998)
  175. de Haro S, Solodukhin S N, Skenderis K Commun. Math. Phys. 217 595 (2001)
  176. Vladimirov V S Uravneniya Matematicheskoi Fiziki (M.: Nauka, 1981); Vladimirov V S Equations Of Mathematical Physics (New York: M. Dekker, 1971)
  177. Gel’fand I M, Shilov G E Obobshchennye Funktsii i Deistviya nad Nimi (M.: Gos. izd. fiz.-mat. lit., 1958)
  178. Fronsdal C Phys. Rev. D 20 848 (1979)
  179. Vasil’ev M A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 173 226 (2003); Vasil’ev M A Phys. Usp. 46 218 (2003)
  180. Vasil’ev M A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 181 665 (2011); Vasiliev M A Phys. Usp. 54 641 (2011)
  181. Fradkin E S, Vasiliev M A Nucl. Phys. B 291 141 (1987)
  182. Metsaev R R Phys. Rev. D 78 106010 (2008)
  183. Metsaev R R Phys. Rev. D 85 126011 (2012)
  184. Son D T, Starinets A O JHEP (09) 042 (2002)
  185. Herzog G P, Son D T JHEP (03) 046 (2003)
  186. Balasubramanian V, Ross S F Phys. Rev. D 61 044007 (2000)
  187. Hawking S W, Page D N Commun. Math. Phys. 87 577 (1983)
  188. Gubser S S, Klebanov I R, Peet A W Phys. Rev. D 54 3915 (1996)
  189. Fefferman C, Graham C R Elie Cartan et les Mathématiques d’aujourd’hui, Lyon, 25 - 29, 1984 Astérisque (Paris: Société Mathématique de France, 1985) p. 95
  190. Kovchegov Y V Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 124301 (2012)
  191. Bernamonti A, Peschanski R Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 216 94 (2011)
  192. Herzog C P et al. JHEP (07) 013 (2006)
  193. Gubser S S Phys. Rev. D 74 126005 (2006)
  194. Janik R A, Peschanski R B Phys. Rev. D 74 046007 (2006)
  195. Chamblin A et al. Phys. Rev. D 60 064018 (1999)
  196. Mateos D et al. JHEP (11) 085 (2007)
  197. Erdmenger J et al. JHEP (01) 055 (2009)
  198. Kobayashi S et al. JHEP (02) 016 (2007)
  199. Gursoy U, Kiritsis E JHEP (02) 032 (2008)
  200. Gursoy U, Kiritsis E, Nitti F JHEP (02) 019 (2008)
  201. Gursoy U et al. Nucl. Phys. B 820 148 (2009)
  202. Gursoy U et al. JHEP (12) 056 (2009)
  203. Shirkov D V Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 7 379 (2010)
  204. Christodoulou D, Klainerman S The Global Nonlinear Stability Of The Minkowski Space (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993)
  205. Friedrich H Commun. Math. Phys. 107 587 (1986)
  206. Bizon P, Rostworowski A Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 031102 (2011)
  207. Jalmuzna J, Rostworowski A, Bizon P Phys. Rev. D 84 085021 (2011)
  208. Dias Ó J C, Horowitz G T, Santos J E Class. Quantum Grav. 29 194002 (2012)
  209. Garfinkle D, Pando Zayas L A Phys. Rev. D 84 066006 (2011)
  210. Garfinkle D et al. JHEP (02) 119 (2012)
  211. Chandrasekhar S, Detweiler S L Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 344 441 (1975)
  212. Horowitz G T, Hubeny V E Phys. Rev. D 62 024027 (2000)
  213. Starinets A O Phys. Rev. D 66 124013 (2002)
  214. Kovtun P K, Starinets A O Phys. Rev. D 72 086009 (2005)
  215. Friess J J et al. JHEP (04) 080 (2007)
  216. Iqbal N, Liu H Phys. Rev. D 79 025023 (2009)
  217. Hubeny V E, Rangamani M Adv. High Energy Phys. 2010 297916 (2010)
  218. Hawking S W, Ellis G R E The Large Scale Structure Of Space-Time (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973)
  219. Wald R M General Relativity (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984)
  220. Penrose R (1974), unpublished
  221. Gubser S A, Pufu S S, Yarom A Phys. Rev. D 78 066014 (2008)
  222. Gubser S S, Pufu S S, Yarom A JHEP (11) 050 (2009)
  223. Grumiller D, Romatschke R JHEP (08) 027 (2008)
  224. Alvarez-Gaume L et al. JHEP (02) 009 (2009)
  225. Albacete J L, Kovchegov Y V, Taliotis A JHEP (07) 100 (2008)
  226. Lin S, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. D 79 124015 (2009)
  227. Lin S, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. D 83 045025 (2011)
  228. Albacete J L, Kovchegov Y V, Taliotis A JHEP (05) 060 (2009)
  229. Aref’eva I Ya, Bagrov A A, Guseva E A JHEP (12) 009 (2009)
  230. Aref’eva I Ya, Bagrov A A, Joukovskaya L V JHEP (03) 002 (2010)
  231. Kovchegov Y V, Lin S JHEP (03) 057 (2010)
  232. Kiritsis E, Taliotis A JHEP (04) 065 (2012)
  233. Chesler P M, Yaffe L G Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 021601 (2011)
  234. Aref’eva I Ya, Bagrov A A, Pozdeeva E O JHEP (05) 117 (2012)
  235. Taliotis A JHEP (05) 034 (2013)
  236. Danielsson D H, Keski-Vakkuri E, Kruczenski M Nucl. Phys. B 563 279 (1999)
  237. Hubeny V E, Rangamani M, Takayanagi T JHEP (07) 062 (2007)
  238. Balasubramanian V et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 191601 (2011)
  239. Balasubramanian V et al. Phys. Rev. D 84 026010 (2011)
  240. Abajo-Arrastia J, Aparicio J, Lopez E JHEP (11) 149 (2010)
  241. Callan R, He J-Y, Headrick M JHEP (06) 081 (2012)
  242. Galante D, Schvellinger M JHEP (07) 096 (2012)
  243. Caceres E, Kundu A JHEP (09) 055 (2012)
  244. Aref’eva I Ya, Volovich I V Teor. Mat. Fiz. 174 216 (2013); Arefeva I Ya, Volovich I V Theor. Math. Phys. 174 186 (2013); Arefeva I Ya, Volovich I V arXiv:1211.6041
  245. Taylor M arXiv:0812.0530
  246. Tarrio J, Vandoren S JHEP (09) 017 (2011)
  247. Keranen V, Keski-Vakkuri E, Thorlacius L Phys. Rev. D 85 026005 (2012)
  248. Keranen V, Thorlacius L Class. Quantum Grav. 29 194009 (2012)
  249. Aref’eva I, Bagrov A, Koshelev A S JHEP (07) 170 (2013); Aref’eva I, Bagrov A, Koshelev A S arXiv:1305.3267
  250. Chesler P M, Yaffe L G Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 211601 (2009)
  251. Bhattacharyya S, Minwalla S JHEP (09) 034 (2009)
  252. Arsiwalla X et al. JHEP (01) 144 (2011)
  253. Das S R, Nishioka T, Takayanagi T JHEP (07) 071 (2010)
  254. Hashimoto L, Iizuka N, Oka T Phys. Rev. D 84 066005 (2011)
  255. Volovich I V, Zagrebnov V A, Frolov V P Teor. Mat. Fiz. 29 191 (1976); Volovich I V, Zagrebnov V A, Frolov V P Theor. Math. Phys. 29 1012 (1976)
  256. Hotta M, Tanaka M Class. Quantum Grav. 10 307 (1993)
  257. Sfetsos K Nucl. Phys. B 436 721 (1995)
  258. Horowitz G T, Itzhaki N JHEP (02) 010 (1999)
  259. Emparan R Phys. Rev. D 64 024025 (2001)
  260. Podolsky J, Griffiths J B Class. Quantum Grav. 15 453 (1998)
  261. Kang K, Nastase H Phys. Rev. D 72 106003 (2005)
  262. Aref’eva I Ya Phys. Part. Nuclei 41 835 (2010)
  263. Aref’eva I Ya Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 26 1243010 (2012)
  264. Heller M P, Janik R A, Witaszczyk P Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 201602 (2012)
  265. Eardley D M, Giddings S B Phys. Rev. D 66 044011 (2002)
  266. Bantilan H, Pretorius F, Gubser S S Phys. Rev. D 85 084038 (2012)
  267. Klein K, Nystrand J Phys. Rev. C 60 014903 (1999)
  268. Adams J et al. (STAR Collab.) Phys. Rev. C 70 031902 (2004)
  269. Ochs S, Heinz U W Phys. Rev. C 54 3199 (1996)
  270. Gursoy U et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 181601 (2008)
  271. Gouteraux B, Kiritsis E JHEP (12) 036 (2011); Gouteraux B, Kiritsis E arXiv:1107.2116
  272. Aref’eva I Ya, Pozdeeva E O, Pozdeeva T O Teor. Mat. Fiz. 176 35 (2013); Aref eva I Ya, Pozdeeva E O, Pozdeeva T O Theor. Math. Phys. 176 861 (2013)
  273. Casalderrey-Solana J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 181601 (2013); Casalderrey-Solana J et al. arXiv:1305.4919
  274. Loganayagam R JHEP (05) 087 (2008)
  275. Haack M, Yarom A JHEP (10) 063 (2008)
  276. Bhattacharyya S et al. JHEP (12) 116 (2008)
  277. Heller M P, Janik R, Witaszczyk P Phys. Rev. D 85 126002 (2012)
  278. Horowitz G T, Hubeny V E Phys. Rev. D 62 024027 (2000)
  279. Janik R, Peschanski R Phys. Rev. D 74 046007 (2006)
  280. Janik R Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 022302 (2007)
  281. Booth I, Heller M P, Spalinski M Phys. Rev. D 80 126013 (2009)
  282. Lublinsky M, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. C 76 021901 (2007)
  283. Heller M P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 041601 (2009)
  284. Kinoshita S et al. Prog. Theor. Phys. 121 121 (2009)
  285. Heller M P, Janik R A, Witaszczyk P Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 211602 (2013); Heller M P, Janik R A, Witaszczyk P arXiv:1302.0697
  286. Lipatov L N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 72 411 (1977); Lipatov L N Sov. Phys. JETP 45 216 (1977)
  287. Lublinsky M, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. D 80 065026 (2009)
  288. Arnowitt R L, Deser S, Misner C W Gen. Relat. Grav. 40 1997 (2008)
  289. Chesler P M, Yaffe L G Phys. Rev. D 82 026006 (2010)
  290. Beuf G et al. JHEP (10) 043 (2009)
  291. Kovchegov Y V, Taliotis A, Phys. Rev. C 76 014905 (2007)
  292. Lin S, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. D 77 085013 (2008)
  293. Lin S, Shuryak E Phys. Rev. D 77 085014 (2008)
  294. Bhattacharyya S et al. JHEP (06) 055 (2008)
  295. Figueras P et al. JHEP (04) 137 (2009)
  296. Heller M P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 191601 (2012)
  297. Heller M P et al. JHEP (09) 026 (2013); Heller M P et al. arXiv:1304.5172
  298. van der Schee W Phys. Rev. D 87 061901(R) (2013); van der Schee W arXiv:1211.2218
  299. Chatrchyan S et al. (CMS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 718 795 (2013)
  300. Abelev B et al. (ALICE Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 719 29 (2013)
  301. Aad G et al. (ATLAS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 182302 (2013); Aad G(ATLAS Collab.) arXiv:1212.5198
  302. Adare A et al. (PHENIX Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 212301 (2013); Adare A et al. (PHENIX Collab.) arXiv:1303.1794
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions