Issues

 / 

2014

 / 

January

  

Reviews of topical problems


Small scale clumps of dark matter

 a,  b,  b
a Il Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) and Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, INFN, Assergi, Italy
b Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation

Small scale clumps of dark matter are gravitationally bounded structures that have masses comparable to or lower than stellar masses and consist of non- or weakly interacting dark matter particles. In this paper the current knowledge of how such structures form and evolve is reviewed, various types of spectra of primordial cosmological perturbations are considered, and various dark matter models are examined. Depending on the particular spectrum type, dark matter clumps may differ considerably in their formation processes and ultimate characteristics. The role of clumps in experiments on dark matter particles indirect detection via their annihilation products is discussed. A number of astrophysical problems and phenomena that are related to dark matter clumps are examined.

Fulltext pdf (1 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201401a.0003
PACS: 14.80.Nb, 95.35.+d, 98.70.Rz (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201401a.0003
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2014/1/a/
000334343500001
2014PhyU...57....1B
Citation: Berezinsky V S, Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N "Small scale clumps of dark matter" Phys. Usp. 57 1–36 (2014)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 6th, May 2013, 11th, June 2013

Оригинал: Березинский В С, Докучаев В И, Ерошенко Ю Н «Мелкомасштабные сгустки тёмной материи» УФН 184 3–42 (2014); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201401a.0003

References (289) ↓ Cited by (67) Similar articles (20)

  1. Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Vvedenie v Teoriyu Rannei Vselennoi: Teoriya Goryachego Bol’shogo Vzryva (M.: LKI, 2008); Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Introduction To The Theory Of The Early Universe: Hot Big Bang Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 2011)
  2. Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Vvedenie v Teoriyu Rannei Vselennoi: Kosmologicheskie Vozmushcheniya. Inflyatsionnaya Teoriya (M.: KRASAND, 2010); Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Introduction To The Theory Of The Early Universe: Cosmological Perturbations And Inflationary Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 2011)
  3. Weinberg S Cosmology (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008); Vainberg S Kosmologiya (M.: URSS, 2012)
  4. Lukash V N, Mikheeva E V Fizicheskaya Kosmologiya (M.: Fizmatlit, 2010)
  5. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S Relyativistskaya Astrofizika i Fizicheskaya Kosmologiya (M.: KRASAND, 2011)
  6. Lukash V N, Mikheeva E V, Malinovskii A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 181 1017 (2011); Lukash V N, Mikheeva E V, Malinovsky A M Phys. Usp. 54 983 (2011)
  7. Cherepashchuk A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 183 535 (2013); Cherepashchuk A M Phys. Usp. 56 509 (2013)
  8. Chernin A D Usp. Fiz. Nauk 178 267 (2008); Chernin A D Phys. Usp. 51 253 (2008)
  9. Lukash V N, Rubakov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 178 301 (2008); Lukash V N, Rubakov V A Phys. Usp. 51 283 (2008)
  10. Bolotin Yu L, Erokhin D A, Lemets O A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 182 941 (2012); Bolotin Yu L, Erokhin D A, Lemets O A Phys. Usp. 55 876 (2012)
  11. Massey R et al. Nature 445 286 (2007)
  12. Ryabov V A, Tsarev V A, Tskhovrebov A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 178 1129 (2008); Ryabov V A, Tsarev V A, Tskhovrebov A M Phys. Usp. 51 1091 (2008)
  13. Jungman G, Kamionkowski M, Griest K Phys. Rep. 267 195 (1996)
  14. Troitskii S V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 182 77 (2012); Troitsky S V Phys. Usp. 55 72 (2012)
  15. Dodelson S, Widrow L M Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 17 (1994); Dodelson S, Widrow L M hep-ph/9303287
  16. Gorbunov D, Khmelnitsky A, Rubakov V JCAP (10) 041 (2008)
  17. Sikivie P arXiv:0909.0949
  18. Berezinsky V S Phys. Lett. B 261 71 (1991)
  19. Bolz M, Brandenburg A, Buchmüller W Nucl. Phys. B 606 518 (2001); Bolz M, Brandenburg A, Buchmüller W Nucl. Phys. B 790 336 (2008)
  20. Berezinsky V, Kachelrieß M, Vilenkin A Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 4302 (1997)
  21. Kuzmin V A, Rubakov V A Yad. Fiz. 61 1122 (1998); Kuzmin V A, Rubakov V A Phys. Atom. Nucl. 61 1028 (1998)
  22. Berezinsky V, Kachelrieß M, Solberg M A Phys. Rev. D 78 123535 (2008)
  23. Dubrovich V K, Khlopov M Yu Pis’ma ZhETF 77 403 (2003); Dubrovich V K, Khlopov M Yu JETP Lett. 77 335 (2003)
  24. Ivanov P, Naselsky P, Novikov I Phys. Rev. D 50 7173 (1994)
  25. Lacki B C, Beacom J F Astrophys. J. Lett. 720 L67 (2010)
  26. Add G et al. (ATLAS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 716 1 (2012)
  27. Chatrchyan S et al. (CMS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 716 30 (2012)
  28. Rubakov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 182 1017 (2012); Rubakov V A Phys. Usp. 55 949 (2012)
  29. Nath P arXiv:1210.0520
  30. Belli P et al. Phys. Rev. D 84 055014 (2011)
  31. Aalseth C E et al. (and CoGeNT Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 141301 (2011)
  32. Hinshaw G et al. arXiv:1212.5226
  33. Ade P A R et al. (Planck Collab.) arXiv:1303.5062
  34. Lacey C, Cole S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 262 627 (1993)
  35. Schmid C, Schwarz D J, Widerin P Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 791 (1997)
  36. Wasserman I Second Intern. A.D. Sakharov Conf. On Physics Moscow, Russia 20 - 24 May 1996 (Eds I M Dremin, A M Semikhatov) (Singapore: World Scientific, 1997) p. 191; Wasserman I astro-ph/9608012
  37. Schmid C, Schwarz D J, Widerin P Phys. Rev. D 59 043517 (1999)
  38. Schwarz D J, Hofmann S Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 87 93 (2000)
  39. Berezinsky V, Dokuchaev V, Eroshenko Y Phys. Rev. D 68 103003 (2003)
  40. Zhao H et al. astro-ph/0502049
  41. Green A M, Hofmann S, Schwarz D J JCAP (08) 003 (2005)
  42. Moore B et al. astro-ph/0502213
  43. Berezinsky V, Dokuchaev V, Eroshenko Yu Phys. Rev. D 73 063504 (2006)
  44. Diemand J, Kuhlen M, Madau P Astrophys. J. 649 1 (2006)
  45. Green A M, Goodwin S P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375 1111 (2007)
  46. Bertschinger E Phys. Rev. D 74 063509 (2006)
  47. Angus G W, Zhao H S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375 1146 (2007)
  48. Berezinsky V S, Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N JCAP (07) 011 (2007)
  49. Giocoli C, Pieri L, Tormen G Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 387 689 (2008)
  50. Kamionkowski M, Koushiappas S M, Kuhlen M Phys. Rev. D 81 043532 (2010)
  51. Anderhalden D, Diemand J JCAP (04) 009 (2013); Anderhalden D, Diemand J arXiv:1302.0003
  52. Koushiappas S M New J. Phys. 11 105012 (2009)
  53. Bergström L et al. Phys. Rev. D 59 043506 (1999)
  54. Schwarz D J Ann. Physik 12 220 (2003)
  55. Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94 3 (1988); Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Sov. Phys. JETP 67 1 (1988)
  56. Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94 (4) 5 (1988); Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Sov. Phys. JETP 67 1957 (1988)
  57. Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Usp. Fiz. Nauk 165 723 (1995); Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Phys. Usp. 38 687 (1995)
  58. Profumo S, Sigurdson K, Kamionkowski M Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 031301 (2006)
  59. Bringmann T New J. Phys. 11 105027 (2009)
  60. Weinberg S Astrophys. J. 168 175 (1971)
  61. Hofmann S, Schwarz D J, Stöcker H Phys. Rev. D 64 083507 (2001)
  62. Loeb A, Zaldarriaga M Phys. Rev. D 71 103520 (2005)
  63. Calcáneo-Roldán C, Moore B Phys. Rev. D 62 123005 (2000)
  64. Nieto D et al. arXiv:1110.4744
  65. Zechlin H-S et al. arXiv:1110.6868
  66. Pieri L, Branchini E, Hofmann S Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 211301 (2005)
  67. Oda T, Totani T, Nagashima M Astrophys. J. 633 L65 (2005)
  68. Kamionkowski M, Koushiappas S M Phys. Rev. D 77 103509 (2008)
  69. Pieri L, Bertone G, Branchini E Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 384 1627 (2008)
  70. Pinzke A, Pfrommer C, Bergström L Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 181302 (2009)
  71. Baxter E J et al. Phys. Rev. D 82 123511 (2010)
  72. Belotsky K M, Kirillov A A, Khlopov M Yu, arXiv:1212.6087
  73. Zhang D Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 418 1850 (2011)
  74. Yang Y, Yang G, Zong H Phys. Rev. D 87 103525 (2013)
  75. Anderhalden D, Diemand J JCAP (04) 009 (2013)
  76. Bertschinger E Astrophys. J. Suppl. 58 (5) 39 (1985)
  77. Diemand J, Moore B, Stadel J Nature 433 389 (2005)
  78. Mikheeva E, Doroshkevich A, Lukash V Nuovo Cimento B 122 1393 (2007)
  79. Doroshkevich A G, Lukash V N, Mikheeva E V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 182 3 (2012); Doroshkevich A G, Lukash V N, Mikheeva E V Phys. Usp. 55 3 (2012)
  80. Kaplinghat M Phys. Rev. D 72 063510 (2005)
  81. Strigari L E, Kaplinghat M, Bullock J S Phys. Rev. D 75 061303(R) (2007)
  82. Ishiyama T, Makino J, Ebisuzaki T Astrophys. J. Lett. 723 L195 (2010)
  83. Berezinsky V, Dokuchaev V, Eroshenko Y Phys. Rev. D 77 083519 (2008)
  84. Kolb E W, Tkachev I I Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 3051 (1993)
  85. Kolb E W, Tkachev I I Phys. Rev. D 50 769 (1994)
  86. Khlopov M Yu , Sakharov A S, Sokoloff D D Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 72 105 (1999)
  87. Khlopov M J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 66 012032 (2007)
  88. Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 121 5 (2002); Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N JETP 94 1 (2002)
  89. Bardeen J M et al. Astrophys. J. 304 15 (1986)
  90. Green A M, Hofmann S, Schwarz D J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 353 L23 (2004)
  91. Press W H, Schechter P Astrophys. J. 187 425 (1974)
  92. Bond J R et al. Astrophys. J. 379 440 (1991)
  93. Bond J R, Myers S T Astrophys. J. Suppl. 103 1 (1996)
  94. Ade P A R et al. (Planck Collab.) arXiv:1303.5082
  95. Green A M, Liddle A R Phys. Rev. D 56 6166 (1997)
  96. Starobinskii A A Pis’ma ZhETF 55 477 (1992); Starobinskii A A JETP Lett. 55 489 (1992)
  97. Blais D et al. Phys. Rev. D 67 024024 (2003)
  98. Yokoyama J Astron. Astrophys. 318 673 (1997)
  99. García-Bellido J, Linde A, Wands D Phys. Rev. D 54 6040 (1996)
  100. Cline J M, Crotty P, Lesgourgues J JCAP (09) 010 (2003)
  101. Chung D J H et al. Phys. Rev. D 62 043508 (2000)
  102. Gelmini G B, Gondolo P JCAP (10) 002 (2008)
  103. Scott P, Sivertsson S Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 211301 (2009)
  104. Kolb E W, Tkachev I I Astrophys. J. Lett. 460 L25 (1996)
  105. Gott J R (III) Astrophys. J. 201 296 (1975)
  106. Gunn J E Astrophys. J. 218 592 (1977)
  107. Silk J, Stebbins A Astrophys. J. 411 439 (1993)
  108. Zel’dovich Ya B, Novikov I D Astron. Zhurn. 43 758 (1966); Zel’dovich Ya B, Novikov I D Sov. Astron. 10 602 (1967)
  109. Hawking S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 152 75 (1971)
  110. Carr B J Astrophys. J. 201 1 (1975)
  111. Nadezhin D K, Novikov I D, Polnarev A G Astron. Zhurn. 55 216 (1978); Nadezhin D K, Novikov I D, Polnarev A G Sov. Astron. J. 22 129 (1978)
  112. Novikov I D et al. Astron. Astrophys. 80 104 (1979)
  113. Polnarev A G, Khlopov M Yu Usp. Fiz. Nauk 145 369 (1985); Polnarev A G, Khlopov M Yu Sov. Phys. Usp. 28 213 (1985)
  114. Bugaev E V, Konishchev K V Phys. Rev. D 65 123005 (2002)
  115. Choptuik M W Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 9 (1993)
  116. Niemeyer J C, Jedamzik K Phys. Rev. D 59 124013 (1999)
  117. Yokoyama J Phys. Rev. D 58 107502 (1998)
  118. Carr B J et al. Phys. Rev. D 81 104019 (2010)
  119. Sikivie P, Tkachev I I, Wang Y Phys. Rev. D 56 1863 (1997)
  120. Navarro J F, Frenk C S, White S D M Astrophys. J. 462 563 (1996)
  121. Fukushige T, Makino J Astrophys. J. Lett. 477 L9 (1997)
  122. Moore B et al. Astrophys. J. 524 L19 (1999)
  123. Jing Y P, Suto Y Astrophys. J. 529 L69 (2000)
  124. White S D M, astro-ph/9410043
  125. Knobel C, arXiv:1208.5931
  126. Tolman R C Phys. Rev. 35 875 (1930)
  127. McCrea W H Proc. R. Soc. London A 206 562 (1951)
  128. Peebles P J E The Large-Scale Structure Of The Universe (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1980); Pibls F Dzh E Struktura Vselennoi v Bol’shikh Masshtabakh (M.: Mir, 1983)
  129. Padmanabhan T, Subramanian K Astrophys. J. 417 3 (1993)
  130. Eisenstein D J, Loeb A Astrophys. J. 439 520 (1995)
  131. Berezinsky V S, Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N JCAP, in press; Berezinsky V S, Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N arXiv:1308.6742
  132. Doroshkevich A G Astrofizika 6 581 (1970); Doroshkevich A G Astrophysics 6 320 (1970)
  133. Sheth R K, Mo H J, Tormen G Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 323 1 (2001)
  134. Shandarin S F, Doroshkevich A G, Zel’dovich Ya B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 139 83 (1983); Shandarin S F, Doroshkevich A G, Zel’dovich Ya B Sov. Phys. Usp. 26 46 (1983)
  135. Gurbatov S N, Saichev A I, Shandarin S F Usp. Fiz. Nauk 182 233 (2012); Gurbatov S N, Saichev A I, Shandarin S F Phys. Usp. 55 223 (2012)
  136. Shlaer B, Vilenkin A, Loeb A arXiv:1202.1346
  137. Vilenkin A, Shellard E P S Cosmic Strings And Other Topological Defects (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994)
  138. Vilenkin A hep-th/0508135
  139. Vanchurin V, Olum K D, Vilenkin A Phys. Rev. D 74 063527 (2006)
  140. Blanco-Pillado J J, Olum K D, Shlaer B arXiv:1101.5173
  141. Berezinsky V S, Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N JCAP (12) 007 (2011)
  142. Olum K D, Vilenkin A Phys. Rev. D 74 063516 (2006)
  143. Lynden-Bell D Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 136 101 (1967)
  144. White S D M Gravitational Dynamics: Proc. of the 36th Herstmonceux Conf., in Honour of Professor D. Lynden-Bell’s 60th Birthday, Cambridge, UK, August 7 - 11, 1995 (Eds O Lahav, E Terlevich, R J Terlevich) (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996) p. 121; White S D M astro-ph/9602021
  145. Henriksen R N, Widrow L M Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 302 321 (1999)
  146. Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N Pis’ma Astron. Zhurn. 27 883 (2001); Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N Astron. Lett. 27 759 (2001)
  147. Dokuchaev V I, Eroshenko Yu N Astron. Astrophys. Trans. 22 727 (2003)
  148. Mack K J, Ostriker J P, Ricotti M Astrophys. J. 665 1277 (2007)
  149. Yang Y et al. Phys. Rev. D 84 043506 (2011); Yang Y et al. arXiv:1109.0156
  150. Saito R, Shirai S Phys. Lett. B 697 95 (2011)
  151. Yang Y et al. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 126 123 (2011)
  152. Yang Y et al. JCAP (12) 020 (2011)
  153. Carr B J, Rees M J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 206 801 (1984)
  154. Bertone G, Zentner A R, Silk J Phys. Rev. D 72 103517 (2005)
  155. Baushev A Inter. J. Mod. Phys. D 18 1195 (2009)
  156. Fillmore J A, Goldreich P Astrophys. J. 281 1 (1984)
  157. Ricotti M, Gould A Astrophys. J. 707 979 (2009)
  158. Josan A S, Green A M Phys. Rev. D 82 083527 (2010)
  159. Bringmann T, Scott P, Akrami Y Phys. Rev. D 85 125027 (2012)
  160. Li F, Erickcek A L, Law N M Phys. Rev. D 86 043519 (2012)
  161. Yang Y et al. arXiv:1206.3750
  162. Yang Y-P, Yang G-L, Zong H-S, arXiv:1210.1409
  163. Yang Y-P, Yang G-L, Zong H-S Europhys. Lett. 101 69001 (2013)
  164. Berezinsky V et al. Phys. Rev. D 81 103529 (2010)
  165. Saslaw W C Gravitational Physics Of Stellar And Galactic Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985); Saslau U Gravitatsionnaya Fizika Zvezdnykh i Galakticheskikh Sistem (M.: Mir, 1989)
  166. Gurevich A V, Zybin K P, Sirota V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 167 913 (1997); Gurevich A V, Zybin K P, Sirota V A Phys. Usp. 40 869 (1997)
  167. Iocco F et al. JCAP (11) 029 (2011)
  168. Tremaine S, Gunn J E Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 407 (1979)
  169. Taylor J E, Navarro J F Astrophys. J. 563 483 (2001)
  170. Tremaine S, Henon M, Lynden-Bell D Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 219 285 (1986)
  171. Ryden B S Astrophys. J. 329 589 (1988)
  172. Ryden B S, Gunn J E Astrophys. J. 318 15 (1987)
  173. Hiotelis N Astron. Astrophys. 382 84 (2002)
  174. Ascasibar Y et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 352 1109 (2004)
  175. Ullio P et al. Phys. Rev. D 66 123502 (2002)
  176. Berezinsky V S, Gurevich A V, Zybin K P Phys. Lett. B 294 221 (1992)
  177. Berezinsky V, Bottino A, Mignola G Phys. Lett. B 391 355 (1997)
  178. Chung D J H, Kolb E W, Riotto A Phys. Rev. D 59 023501 (1999)
  179. Kuzmin V A, Tkachev I I Pis’ma ZhETF 68 255 (1998); Kuzmin V A, Tkachev I I JETP Lett. 68 271 (1998)
  180. Lyth D H, Roberts D, Smith M Phys. Rev. D 57 7120 (1998)
  181. Berezinsky V et al. Phys. Rev. D 81 103530 (2010)
  182. Bilič N, Munyaneza F, Viollier R D Phys. Rev. D 59 024003 (1998)
  183. Moore B et al. Astrophys. J. 499 L5 (1998)
  184. Moore B et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 310 1147 (1999)
  185. Gao L et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 387 536 (2008)
  186. Burkert A Astrophys. J. 447 L25 (1995)
  187. Syer D, White S D M Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 293 337 (1998)
  188. Springel V et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 391 1685 (2008)
  189. Bullock J S et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 321 559 (2001)
  190. Lifshits E M, Pitaevskii L P Fizicheskaya Kinetika (M.: Nauka, 1979); Lifshitz E M, Pitaevskii L P Physical Kinetics (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981)
  191. Zybin K P, Vysotsky M I, Gurevich A V Phys. Lett. A 260 262 (1999)
  192. Widrow L M et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397 1275 (2009)
  193. Arhipova N A et al. Grav. Cosmol. Suppl. 8 (Suppl. I) 66 (2002)
  194. Giocoli C et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 395 1620 (2009)
  195. Angulo R E, White S D M Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 401 1796 (2010)
  196. Oguri M, Lee J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 355 120 (2004)
  197. Gnedin O Y, Hernquist L, Ostriker J P Astrophys. J. 514 109 (1999)
  198. Fall S M, Rees M J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 181 37P (1977)
  199. Gnedin O Y, Ostriker J P Astrophys. J. 513 626 (1999)
  200. Taylor J E, Babul A Astrophys. J. 559 716 (2001)
  201. Diemand J, Kuhlen M, Madau P Astrophys. J. 667 859 (2007)
  202. Goerdt T et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375 191 (2007)
  203. Zhao H et al. Astrophys. J. 654 697 (2007)
  204. Ostriker J P, Spitzer L (Jr.), Chevalier R A Astrophys. J. 176 L51 (1972)
  205. Weinberg M D Astron. J. 108 1403 (1994)
  206. Eddington A S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 76 572 (1916)
  207. Widrow L M Astrophys. J. Suppl. 131 39 (2000)
  208. D’Onghia E et al. Astrophys. J. 709 1138 (2010)
  209. Launhardt R, Zylka R, Mezger P G Astron. Astrophys. 384 112 (2002)
  210. Bell E F et al. Astrophys. J. 680 295 (2008)
  211. Schneider A, Krauss L, Moore B Phys. Rev. D 82 063525 (2010)
  212. Silk J, Bloemen H Astrophys. J. 313 L47 (1987)
  213. Berezinsky V, Kachelrieß M Phys. Rev. D 63 034007 (2001)
  214. Aloisio R, Berezinsky V, Kachelrieß M Phys. Rev. D 69 094023 (2004)
  215. Gondolo P et al. JCAP (07) 008 (2004)
  216. Bringmann T et al. JCAP (07) 054 (2012)
  217. Weniger C JCAP (08) 007 (2012)
  218. Hektor A, Raidal M, Tempel E arXiv:1207.4466
  219. Bringmann T, Weniger C Phys. Dark Univ. 1 194 (2012); Bringmann T, Weniger C arXiv:1208.5481
  220. Gorbunov D, Tinyakov P Phys. Rev. D 87 081302(R) (2013); Gorbunov D, Tinyakov P arXiv:1212.0488
  221. Hisano J, Matsumoto S, Nojiri M M Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 031303 (2004)
  222. Profumo S Phys. Rev. D 72 103521 (2005)
  223. Lattanzi M, Silk J Phys. Rev. D 79 083523 (2009)
  224. Hooper D et al. arXiv:1203.3547
  225. Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii S I Proiskhozhdenie Kosmicheskikh Luchei (M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963); Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii S I The Origin Of Cosmic Rays (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1964)
  226. Berezinskii V S i dr. Astrofizika Kosmicheskikh Luchei (Pod red. V L Ginzburga) 2-e izd. (M.: Nauka, 1990); Berezinskii V S et al. Astrophysics Of Cosmic Rays (Ed. V L Ginzburg) (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990)
  227. The GALPROP code for cosmic-ray transport and diffuse emission production, http://galprop.stanford.edu
  228. Atwood W B et al. Astrophys. J. 697 1071 (2009)
  229. de Boer W et al. Astron. Astrophys. 444 51 (2005)
  230. Ackermann M et al. (The Fermi-LAT Collab.) JCAP (05) 025 (2010)
  231. Yuan Q et al. Phys. Rev. D 82 023506 (2010)
  232. Pinzke A, Pfrommer C, Bergström L Phys. Rev. D 84 123509 (2011)
  233. Huang X, Vertongen G, Weniger C JCAP (01) 042 (2012)
  234. Ando S, Nagai D JCAP (07) 017 (2012)
  235. Han J et al. arXiv:1201.1003
  236. Vitale V, Morselli A (for the Fermi/LAT Collab.) arXiv:0912.3828
  237. Hooper D, Goodenough L Phys. Lett. B 697 412 (2011)
  238. Ellis J, Olive K A, Spanos V C JCAP (10) 024 (2011)
  239. Sánchez-Conde M A et al. JCAP (12) 011 (2011)
  240. Gao L et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 419 1721 (2012)
  241. Ackermann M et al. (The Fermi LAT Collab.) Astrophys. J. 747 121 (2012)
  242. Ackermann M et al. (The Fermi-LAT Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 241302 (2011)
  243. Geringer-Sameth A, Koushiappas S M Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 241303 (2011)
  244. Feng L et al. JCAP (04) 030 (2012)
  245. Mei S et al. Astrophys. J. 655 144 (2007)
  246. Olling R P, Merrifield M R Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 311 361 (2000)
  247. Olling R P, Merrifield M R Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 326 164 (2001)
  248. Mashchenko S, Couchman H M P, Wadsley J Nature 442 539 (2006)
  249. Ando S, Komatsu E Phys. Rev. D 73 023521 (2006)
  250. Ando S Phys. Rev. D 80 023520 (2009)
  251. Fornasa M et al. Phys. Rev. D 80 023518 (2009)
  252. Fornasa M et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 429 1529 (2012); Fornasa M et al. arXiv:1207.0502
  253. Gómez-Vargas G (on behalf of the Fermi-LAT Collab.), Komatsu E Nuovo Cimento C 034 327 (2011)
  254. Hooper D, Serpico P D JCAP (06) 013 (2007)
  255. Blasi P, Dick R, Kolb E W Astropart. Phys. 18 57 (2002)
  256. Troitskii S V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 183 323 (2013); Troitsky S V Phys. Usp. 56 304 (2013)
  257. de Boer W, Zhukov V arXiv:0709.4576
  258. Myers Z, Nusser A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 384 727 (2008)
  259. Natarajan A, Schwarz D J Phys. Rev. D 78 103524 (2008)
  260. Adriani O et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 121101 (2010)
  261. Adriani O et al. (PAMELA Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 201101 (2011)
  262. Aguilar M et al. (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 141102 (2013)
  263. Diemand J et al. Nature 454 735 (2008)
  264. Bergström L, Bringmann T, Edsjö J Phys. Rev. D 78 103520 (2008)
  265. Cirelli M et al. Nucl. Phys. B 813 1 (2009)
  266. Cholis I et al. Phys. Rev. D 80 123518 (2009)
  267. Chang J et al. Nature 456 362 (2008)
  268. Cumberbatch D, Silk J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 374 455 (2007)
  269. Kane G, Lu R, Watson S Phys. Lett. B 681 151 (2009)
  270. Adriani O et al. Nature 458 607 (2009)
  271. Stozhkov Yu I, Gal’per A M "Mezhdunarodnyi eksperiment PAMELA" Doklad na Seminare im. G.T. Zatsepina "Neitrinnaya i yadernaya astrofizika" 18 fevralya 2011 g.
  272. Stozhkov Yu I Izv. RAN Ser. fiz. 75 (3) 352 (2011); Stozhkov Yu I Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 75 323 (2011)
  273. Blasi P Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 051104 (2009)
  274. Blasi P, Serpico P D Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 081103 (2009)
  275. Seto N, Cooray A Phys. Rev. D 70 063512 (2004)
  276. Tricarico P Class. Quantum Grav. 26 085003 (2009)
  277. Adams A W, Bloom J S astro-ph/0405266
  278. Lewis G F, Gil-Merino R Astrophys. J. 645 835 (2006)
  279. Chen J, Koushiappas S M Astrophys. J. 724 400 (2010)
  280. Zackrisson E et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 431 2172 (2013)
  281. Metcalf R B, Silk J Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 071302 (2007); Metcalf R B, Silk J Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 099903(E) (2007)
  282. Siegel E R, Hertzberg M P, Fry J N Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 382 879 (2007)
  283. Ricotti M, Ostriker J P, Mack K J Astrophys. J. 680 829 (2008)
  284. Freese K et al. Astrophys. J. 693 1563 (2009)
  285. Casanellas J, Lopes I arXiv:1002.2326
  286. Smith R J et al. Astrophys. J. 761 154 (2012); Smith R J et al. arXiv:1210.1582
  287. Zurek K M, Hogan C J Phys. Rev. D 76 063002 (2007)
  288. Koushiappas S M AIP Conf. Proc. 921 142 (2007); Koushiappas S M astro-ph/0703778
  289. Ando S et al. Phys. Rev. D 78 101301(R) (2008)

© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions