RSS feeds
ÐóññêèéEnglish
Issue 4, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2010

 / 

September

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Carbon nanotube-based electron field emitters


National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, pl. akad. Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation

The current status of research and development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electron field emitters is reviewed. The physical aspects of electron field emission that underlie the unique emission properties of CNTs are considered. Physical effects and phenomena affecting the emission characteristics of CNT cathodes are analyzed. Effects given particular attention include the electric field enhancement near a CNT tip; electric field screening by neighboring nanotubes; statistical spread of the parameters of the individual CNTs comprising the cathode; the effects of heat leading to thermal degradation of nanotubes during emission, and adsorbate effects on the surface of the emitter. Advances in vacuum electronics due to the use of CNT field cathodes are reviewed.

Fulltext pdf (503 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0180.201009a.0897
PACS: 73.63.Fg, 85.35.Kt, 85.45.Db (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0180.201009a.0897
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2010/9/a/
000286041500001
2-s2.0-78751526999
2010PhyU...53..863E
Citation: Eletskii A V "Carbon nanotube-based electron field emitters" Phys. Usp. 53 863–892 (2010)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Îðèãèíàë: Åëåöêèé À Â «Õîëîäíûå ïîëåâûå ýìèòòåðû íà îñíîâå óãëåðîäíûõ íàíîòðóáîê» ÓÔÍ 180 897–930 (2010); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0180.201009a.0897

References (166) ↓ Cited by (116) Similar articles (20)

  1. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 172 401 (2002); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 45 369 (2002)
  2. Iijima S Nature 354 56 (1991)
  3. Radushkevich L V, Lushkinovich B M ZhFKh 26 88 (1952)
  4. Endo M, Koyama T, Hishiyama Y Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 15 2073 (1976)
  5. Oberlin A, Endo M, Koyama T Carbon 14 133 (1976)
  6. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 1191 (2004); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 47 1119 (2004)
  7. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 177 233 (2007); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 50 225 (2007)
  8. Saito R, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes (London: Imperial College Press, 1998)
  9. Dresselhaus M S, Dresselhaus G, Avouris P (Eds) Carbon Nanotubes. Synthesis, Structure, Properties And Applications (Berlin: Springer, 2001)
  10. Loiseau A et al. (Ed.) Understanding Carbon Nanotubes: From Basics To Applications (Berlin: Springer, 2005)
  11. Rotkin S V, Subramoney S (Eds) Applied Physics Of Carbon Nanotubes: Fundamentals Of Theory, Optics And Transport Devices (Berlin: Springer, 2005)
  12. Ebbesen T W (Ed.) Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation And Properties (Boca Raton, Fl.: CRC Press, 1997)
  13. Eletskii A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 225 (2009); Eletskii A V Phys. Usp. 52 209 (2009)
  14. Gulyaev Yu V et al. IV MC’94: 7th Intern. Vacuum Microelectronics Conf. Grenoble, 1994, (Technical Digest) p. 322
  15. Gulyaev Yu V et al. J. Vacuum Sci. Techol. B 13 435 (1995)
  16. Chernozatonskii L A et al. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B 14 2080 (1996)
  17. Chernozatonskii L A et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 233 63 (1995)
  18. Gulyaev Yu V i dr. Mikroelektronika 26 (2) 84 (1997); Gulyaev Yu V et al. Russ. Microelectronics 26 66 (1997)
  19. De Heer W A, Châtelain A, Ugarte D Science 270 1179 (1995)
  20. Rinzler A G et al. Science 269 1550 (1995)
  21. Sohn J I et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 901 (2001)
  22. Wang Q H, Yan M, Chang R P H Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1294 (2001)
  23. Mauger M, Binh V T J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24 97 (2006)
  24. Saito Y, Uemura S Carbon 38 169 (2000)
  25. Yue G Z et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 355 (2002)
  26. Zhang J et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 064106 (2006)
  27. Kawakita K et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24 950 (2006)
  28. Teo K B K et al. Nature 437 968 (2005)
  29. Milne W I et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24 345 (2006)
  30. Shakir M I et al. Nanotechnology 17 (6) R41 (2006)
  31. De Jonge N, Bonard J-M Proc. R. Soc. London A 362 2239 (2004)
  32. Cheng Y, Zhou O C.R. Physique 4 1021 (2003)
  33. Fowler R H, Nordheim L Proc. R. Soc. London A 119 173 (1928)
  34. Gomer R Field Emission And Field Ionization 2nd ed. (New York: AIP, 1993)
  35. Dobretsov L N, Gomoyunova M V Emissionnaya Elektronika (M.: Nauka, 1966); Dobretsov L N, Gomoyunova M V Emission Electronics (Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1971)
  36. Luo J et al. Phys. Rev. B 66 155407 (2002)
  37. Han S, Ihm J Phys. Rev. B 66 241402(R) (2002)
  38. Qiao L et al. Diamond Relat. Mater. 18 657 (2009)
  39. Zheng X et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 106803 (2004)
  40. Yaghoobi P, Walus K, Nojeh A Phys. Rev. B 80 115422 (2009)
  41. Bulashevich K A, Rotkin V V Pis’ma ZhETF 75 239 (2002); Bulashevich K A, Rotkin V V JETP Lett. 75 205 (2002)
  42. Mishchenko E G, Raikh M E Phys. Rev. B 74 155410 (2006)
  43. Li Z-B, Wang W-L Chinese Phys. Lett. 23 1616 (2006)
  44. Sedrakyan T A, Mishchenko E G, Raikh M E Phys. Rev. B 73 245325 (2006)
  45. Zhao G et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 193113 (2006)
  46. Bocharov G S, Eletskii A V Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 75 (7) 126 (2005); Bocharov G S, Eletskii A V Tech. Phys. 50 944 (2005)
  47. Kokkorakis G C, Modinos A, Xanthakis J P J. Appl. Phys. 91 4580 (2002)
  48. Eletskii A V, Bocharov G S Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 18 034013 (2009)
  49. Bel’skii M D i dr. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 80 (2) 130 (2010); Bel’skii M D et al. Tech. Phys. 55 289 (2010)
  50. Xu Z, Bai X D, Wang E G Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 133107 (2006)
  51. Xu Z et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 163106 (2005)
  52. Edgcombe C J, Valdrè U J. Microscopy 203 188 (2001)
  53. Edgcombe C J, Valdrè U Philos. Mag. B 82 987 (2002)
  54. Wei G Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 143111 (2006)
  55. Dyke W P, Dolan W W Advances Electronics And Electron Physics Vol. 8 (Ed. L Marton) (New York: Academic Press, 1956) p. 90
  56. Gadzuk J W, Plummer E W Rev. Mod. Phys. 45 487 (1973)
  57. Dean K A, von Allmen P, Chalamala B R J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17 1959 (1999)
  58. Dean K A, Chalamala B R J. Appl. Phys. 85 3832 (1999)
  59. Dean K A, Chalamala B R Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 375 (2000)
  60. Dekker C Phys. Today 52 (5) 22 (1999)
  61. Bocharov G S, Eletskii A V Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 77 (4) 107 (2007); Bocharov G S, Eletskii A V Tech. Phys. 52 498 (2007)
  62. Vincent P et al. Phys. Rev. B 66 075406 (2002)
  63. Sveningsson M et al. Phys. Rev. B 72 085429 (2005)
  64. Kim P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 215502 (2001)
  65. Yi W et al. Phys. Rev. B 59 R9015 (1999)
  66. Gao B et al. NT’05: 6th Intern. Conf. on the Science and Application of Nanotubes, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2005 p. 307
  67. Huang N Y et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 075501 (2004)
  68. Bonard J-M et al. Ultramicroscopy 73 7 (1998)
  69. Bonard J-M et al. Phys. Rev. B 67 115406 (2003)
  70. Tang H et al. J. Phys. D 39 5280 (2006)
  71. Paulini J, Klein T, Simon G J. Phys. D 26 1310 (1993)
  72. Wei W et al. Nano Lett. 7 64 (2007)
  73. Chai G, Chow L Carbon 45 281 (2007)
  74. Chen Y, Shaw D T, Guo L Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 2469 (2000)
  75. Konishi Y et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 1648 (2005)
  76. Martinson L K, Malov Yu I Differentsial’nye Uravneniya Matematicheskoi Fiziki (M.: Izd-vo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2002)
  77. Vlasova E A, Zarubin V S, Kuvyrkin G N Matematika v Tekhnicheskom Universitete. Vyp. 13. Priblizhennye Metody Matematicheskoi Fiziki (M.: Izd-vo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2001)
  78. Fransen M J, van Rooy Th L, Kruit P Appl. Surf. Sci. 146 312 (1999)
  79. Liu X et al. AIP Conf. Proc. 544 288 (2000)
  80. Suzuki S et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 4007 (2000)
  81. Chen P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2548 (1999)
  82. Ago H et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 103 8116 (1999)
  83. Shiraishi M, Hinokuma K, Ata M AIP Conf. Proc. 544 359 (2000)
  84. Bonard J-M et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 918 (1998)
  85. Obraztsov A N, Volkov A P, Pavlovskii I Yu Pis’ma ZhETF 68 56 (1998); Obraztsov A N, Volkov A P, Pavlovskii I Yu JETP Lett. 68 59 (1998)
  86. Obraztsov A N i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 69 381 (1999); Obraztsov A N et al. JETP Lett. 69 411 (1999)
  87. Obraztsov A N, Volkov A P, Pavlovsky I Diamond Relat. Mater. 9 1190 (2000)
  88. Obraztsov A N et al. Diamond Relat. Mater. 8 814 (1999)
  89. Obraztsov A N et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18 1059 (2000)
  90. Obraztsov A N, Pavlovsky I Yu, Volkov A P J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17 674 (1999)
  91. Chen Z et al. Nanotechnology 18 265702 (2007)
  92. Nilsson L et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 2071 (2000)
  93. Su W S et al. J. Appl. Phys. 106 014301 (2009)
  94. Smith R C, Silva S R P J. Appl. Phys. 106 014314 (2009)
  95. Bocharov G S, Eletskii A V, Sommerer T J 11th Intern. Conf. on the Science and Application of Nanotubes, Montréal, Canada, June 27 - July 2, 2010
  96. McClain D et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 111 7514 (2007)
  97. Seelaboyina R et al. Nanotechnology 19 065605 (2008)
  98. Bocharov G S, Eletskii A V, Korshakov A V Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 5 371 (2003)
  99. Bocharov G S et al. AIP Conf. Proc. 723 528 (2004)
  100. Bezmel’nitsyn V N i dr. Fiz. Tverd. Tela 44 630 (2002); Bezmel’nitsyn V N et al. Phys. Solid State 44 656 (2002)
  101. Yoshimoto T et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 L983 (2001)
  102. Matsumoto K et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 539 (2001)
  103. Han I T et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2070 (2002)
  104. Wadhawan A et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1867 (2001)
  105. Guillorn M A et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21 957 (2003)
  106. Fujii S et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 153108 (2007)
  107. Chen Z et al. Nanotechnology 18 265702 (2007)
  108. Chen Z et al. Nanotechnology 18 095604 (2007)
  109. Zhu W et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 873 (1999)
  110. Liao Q et al. Carbon 45 1471 (2007)
  111. Liao Q et al. J. Phys. D 40 6626 (2007)
  112. Liao Q et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 151504 (2007)
  113. Liao Q et al. J. Phys. D 40 3456 (2007)
  114. Mesyats G A, Proskurovskii D I Impul’snyi Elektricheskii Razryad v Vakuume (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1984); Mesyats G A, Proskurovsy D I Pulsed Electrical Discharge In Vacuum (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989)
  115. Miller R B J. Appl. Phys. 84 3880 (1998)
  116. Fursey G Field Emission In Vacuum Microelectronics (New York: Kluwer Acad./Plenum Publ., 2005)
  117. Spindt C A J. Appl. Phys. 39 3504 (1968)
  118. Chen J et al. Ultramicroscopy 95 153 (2003)
  119. Wang Q H et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 2912 (1998)
  120. Choi W B et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 2560 (2000)
  121. Choi W B et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1547 (2001)
  122. Choi W B et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 3129 (1999)
  123. Chung D-S et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 4045 (2002)
  124. Choi Y S et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3565 (2003)
  125. Jung J E et al. Physica B 323 71 (2002)
  126. Yu S G et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 4036 (2002)
  127. Chung D-S et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 4045 (2002)
  128. Yu S G et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 6088 (2001)
  129. Saito Y, Uemura S, Hamaguchi K Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 L346 (1998)
  130. Saito Y, Uemura S Carbon 38 169 (2000)
  131. Obraztsov A N, Kleshch V I J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 4 207 (2009)
  132. Croci M et al. Microelectron. J. 35 329 (2004)
  133. Antony J, Qiang Y Nanotechnology 18 295703 (2007)
  134. Bonard J-M et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 2775 (2001)
  135. Obraztsov A N, Kleshch V I "Katodolyuminestsentnaya diodnaya lampa" Patent RF po zayavke ¹146;2008141395/09(053681) ot 21.10.2008
  136. Kleshch V I "Avtoelektronnaya emissiya iz nanostrukturirovannykh materialov" Diss. ... kand. fiz.-mat. nauk (M.: Institut obshchei fiziki RAN, 2010)
  137. Matsumoto T, Mimura H Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1637 (2003)
  138. Yue G Z et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 355 (2002)
  139. Cheng Y et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 3264 (2004)
  140. Liu Z et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 103111 (2006)
  141. Heo S H, Ihsan A, Cho S O Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 183109 (2007)
  142. Zhang J et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 094301 (2005)
  143. Liu Z et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 054302 (2006)
  144. Sugie H et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 2578 (2001)
  145. Haga A et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 2208 (2004)
  146. Booske J H, Barker R J "Vacuum microwave amplifiers" Modern Microwave And Millimeter-Wave Power Electronics (Eds R J Barker et al.) (Hoboken, NJ: IEEE Press, 2005)
  147. Minoux E et al. Nano Lett. 5 2135 (2005)
  148. Rupesinghe N L et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21 338 (2003)
  149. Milne W I et al. J. Mater. Chem. 14 933 (2004)
  150. Teo K B K et al. Nanotechnology 14 204 (2003)
  151. Chhowalla M et al. J. Appl. Phys. 90 5308 (2001)
  152. Han J H et al. Diamond Relat. Mater. 13 987 (2004)
  153. Na Y H, Choi J J, Kim R 4th Intern. Vacuum Electronics Conf., IVEC2003: Seoul, Korea, 2003 (Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2003) p. 88
  154. Kim H J et al. IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 53 2674 (2006)
  155. Manohara H M et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 23 157 (2005)
  156. Manohara H M et al. 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conf., March 12 - 16, 2007, USA p. 1436
  157. Manohara H et al. Proc. SPIE 5343 227 (2004)
  158. Manohara H M et al. Nano Lett. 5 1469 (2005)
  159. Iijima S, Ichihashi T Nature 363 603 (1993)
  160. Ajayan P M, Iijima S Nature 361 333 (1993)
  161. Saito R et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 2204 (1992)
  162. José-Yacamán M et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 657 (1993)
  163. Thess A et al. Science 273 483 (1996)
  164. Ren Z F et al. Science 282 1105 (1998)
  165. Fan S et al. Science 283 512 (1999)
  166. Li J et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 367 (1999)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions