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Issue 9, 2026
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Oral issue of the journal “Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk”


Sixty years of broken symmetries in quantum physics (from the Bogoliubov theory of superfluidity to the Standard Model)


Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie Str., Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russian Federation

This is a retrospective historical review of the ideas that led to the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), the issue that has been implemented in quantum field theory in the form of the Higgs mechanism. The key stages covered include: the Bogoliubov microscopic theory of superfluidity (1946); the Bardeen — Cooper — Schrieffer — Bogoliubov microscopic theory of superconductivity (1957); superconductivity as the superfluidity of Cooper pairs (Bogoliubov, 1958); the extension of the SSB concept to simple quantum field models (early 1960s); and the triumph of the Higgs model in the electroweak theory (early 1980s). The role and status of the Higgs mechanism in the current Standard Model are discussed.

Fulltext pdf (517 KB)
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Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0179.200906d.0581
PACS: 01.65.+g, 11.30.Qc, 12.15.−y (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0179.200906d.0581
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2009/6/d/
000271221900004
2-s2.0-70449428040
2009PhyU...52..549S
Citation: Shirkov D V "Sixty years of broken symmetries in quantum physics (from the Bogoliubov theory of superfluidity to the Standard Model)" Phys. Usp. 52 549–557 (2009)
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Оригинал: Ширков Д В «60 лет нарушенным симметриям в квантовой теории (от теории сверхтекучести Боголюбова до Стандартной модели)» УФН 179 581–589 (2009); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0179.200906d.0581

N.N. Bogolyubov is author of Physics-Uspekhi

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