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Spintronics: exchange switching of ferromagnetic metallic junctions at a low current densitya Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Mokhovaya 11, kor. 7, Moscow, 125009, Russian Federation b Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, pl. Vvedenskogo 1, Fryazino, Moscow Region, 141190, Russian Federation A review is given on the exchange switching of ferromagnetic metallic junctions under the effect of a low threshold current. A dramatic (orders of magnitude) threshold current reduction is achieved under conditions that include the dominance of the current-driven nonequilibrium spin injection, the optimum relation between spin resistances of the layers, and the application of an external magnetic field near the reorientation phase transition point.
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