The description of the investigations carried out in the most recent years on the development of models and computer programs for predicting and analyzing the physical properties of polymers. A method for constructing diagrams of compatibility of water permeability and glass transition temperature, density, thermal expansion coefficient, cohesion energy, etc. is analyzed. Computer synthesis of network polymers and the possibility of predicting the thermal expansion coefficient of materials based on polyvinyl chloride and the elastic modulus of composites with a number of aromatic polymers are considered. The effect of a solvent (plasticizer) on strength and viscosity is analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the use of self-excited oscillations excited during deformation of polymer films in actuators of nanomechanical devices. The calculation of the viscosity of dispersions of spherical nanoparticles with an adsorption polymer layer in a polymer melt and in a low-molecular-weight liquid has been carried out. The principles of predicting the coefficients of molecular packing of amorphous-crystalline polymers and their solvents are stated, and the influence of the chemical structure of heat-resistant thermoplastics on friction against steel is also estimated.