Quantum repeaters: current research trends and latest achievements

R.A. Akhmedzhanov^†^a, Yu.Yu. Balega^‡^b, A.D. Deev^§^c, d, A.A. Kalachev^*^e
^aFederal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Ulyanova 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation
^bRussian Academy of Sciences, China Branch of BRICS Institute of Future Networks, Shenzhen, China
^cMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russian Federation
^dR&D Center JSC, Bolshoy Balkansky Lane 20, Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation
^eFederal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420111, Russian Federation

We present a review of current theoretical and experimental studies focused on the development of a quantum repeater, a key device for extended quantum networks that allows entangled states to be distributed over long distances. We also consider the most promising approaches to designing basic devices for quantum repeaters, including quantum memory, sources of nonclassical states of light, and quantum frequency converters.

Keywords: quantum repeaters, optical quantum memory, single-photon sources, two-photon sources, entanglement, quantum frequency converters
PACS: 03.65.Ud, 03.67.−a, 42.50.Ex (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2025.05.039918
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2025/9/a/
Citation: Akhmedzhanov R A, Balega Yu Yu, Deev A D, Kalachev A A "Quantum repeaters: current research trends and latest achievements" Phys. Usp. 68 857–882 (2025)

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Received: 24th, April 2024, revised: 18th, May 2025, accepted: 19th, May 2025

Оригинал: Ахмеджанов Р А, Балега Ю Ю, Деев А Д, Калачёв А А «Квантовые повторители: актуальные направления исследований и последние достижения» УФН 195 909–938 (2025); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2025.05.039918