RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2024

 / 

July

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Direct observations of cosmic rays: state of the art

† , ‡ , § 
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie Gory 1 build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

The state of the art in exploring galactic cosmic rays using spacecraft and high-altitude balloons is reviewed in detail. The most urgent basic problems of high- and ultrahigh-energy astrophysics, solved by direct observations of cosmic rays, are discussed. Prospects for the advancement of research in this field of science in the next decade are outlined.

Fulltext pdf (39 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2023.11.039589
Keywords: cosmic rays, direct observations
PACS: 96.50.S−
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2023.11.039589
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2024/7/a/
001328253200001
2-s2.0-85197729784
2024PhyU...67..639P
Citation: Panov A D, Podorozhnyi D M, Turundaevskii A N "Direct observations of cosmic rays: state of the art" Phys. Usp. 67 639–667 (2024)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 24th, July 2023, revised: 29th, October 2023, 8th, November 2023

Оригинал: Панов А Д, Подорожный Д М, Турундаевский А Н «Прямые наблюдения космических лучей: современное состояние проблемы» УФН 194 681–710 (2024); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2023.11.039589

References (215) ↓ Cited by (3) Similar articles (20)

  1. Witten E Phys. Rev. D 30 272 (1984)
  2. Shaulov S B et al JETP Lett. 116 1 (2022); Shaulov S B et al Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 116 3 (2022)
  3. Ptuskin V S Phys. Usp. 53 958 (2010); Ptuskin V S Usp. Fiz. Nauk 180 1000 (2010)
  4. Porter T A, Strong A W astro-ph/0507119
  5. Beck R Proc. Int. Astron. Union 4 (S259) 3 (2008); Beck R arXiv:0812.4925
  6. Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii S I The Origin Of Cosmic Rays (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1964); Translated from Russian, Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii S I Proiskhozhdenie Kosmicheskikh Luchei (Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, 1963)
  7. Murzin V S Vvedenie V Fiziku Kosmicheskikh Luchei (Introduction Into Physics Of Cosmic Rays) (Moscow: Atomizdat, 1979)
  8. Berezhko E G JETP Lett. 33 399 (1981); Berezhko E G Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33 416 (1981)
  9. Zirakashvili V N, Ptuskin V S, Rogovaya S I Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 519 L5 (2023)
  10. Stozhkov Yu I Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 75 323 (2011); Stozhkov Yu I Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 75 352 (2011)
  11. Panasyuk M I, Miroshnichenko L I Phys. Usp. 65 379 (2022); Panasyuk M I, Miroshnichenko L I Usp. Fiz. Nauk 192 413 (2022)
  12. Malyshev D, Cholis I, Gelfand J Phys. Rev. D 80 063005 (2009)
  13. Panov A D J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 409 012004 (2013)
  14. Krymskii G F Sov. Phys. Dokl. 22 327 (1977); Krymskii G F Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 234 1306 (1977)
  15. Bell A R Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 182 147 (1978)
  16. Bell A R Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 182 443 (1978)
  17. Axford W I Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 17th, Paris, France, July 13-25, 1981, Conf. Papers (Essonne, France: Gif-sur-Yvette, 1982) p. 155
  18. Axford W I Origin of Cosmic Rays. Proc. of the Symp., Bologna, Italy, June 11-14, 1980 (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ. Co., 1981) p. 339
  19. Jones F C Astrophys. J. Suppl. 90 561 (1994)
  20. Vladimirov A E et al Astrophys. J. 752 68 (2012); Vladimirov A E et al arXiv:1108.1023
  21. Bell A R, Lucek S G Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 321 433 (2001)
  22. Ptuskin V S, Zirakashvili V N Astron. Astrophys. 429 755 (2005)
  23. Berezhko E G Adv. Space Res. 41 429 (2008)
  24. Hristiansen G B, Kulikov G V Nuovo Cimento 8 742 (1958)
  25. Zatsepin V I et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 68 1780 (2004); Zatsepin V I et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 68 1593 (2004)
  26. Yoon Y S et al Proc. of the 31st Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., ICRC 2009, Lodz, Poland, 7-15 July 2009 Vol. 2 (Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates, Inc., 2009) p. 1448
  27. Yoon Y S et al Astrophys. J. 728 122 (2011)
  28. Yoon Y S et al Astrophys. J. 839 5 (2017)
  29. Adriani O et al Science 332 69 (2011)
  30. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 171103 (2015)
  31. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 211101 (2015)
  32. Panov A D, Sokolskaya N V, Zatsepin V I Astrophys. J. 837 77 (2017)
  33. Panov A D et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 71 494 (2007); Panov A D et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 71 512 (2007); Panov A D et al astro-ph/0612377
  34. Panov A D et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 73 564 (2009); Panov A D et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 73 602 (2009); Panov A D et al arXiv:1101.3246
  35. Ahn H S et al Astrophys. J. Lett. 714 L89 (2010); Ahn H S et al arXiv:1004.1123
  36. Prosin V V et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 83 1016 (2019); Prosin V V et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 83 1117 (2019)
  37. Turundaevskiy A N et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 85 353 (2021); Turundaevskiy A N et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 85 478 (2021)
  38. Atkin E et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 770 189 (2015)
  39. Grigorov N L, Murzin V S, Rapoport I D Sov. Phys. JETP 7 348 (1958); Grigorov N L, Murzin V S, Rapoport I D Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34 506 (1958)
  40. Fabjan C W, Ludlam T Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 32 335 (1982)
  41. Adams J et al AIP Conf. Proc. 504 175 (2000)
  42. Adams J et al Adv. Space Res. 27 829 (2001)
  43. Korotkova N A et al Phys. Atom. Nucl. 65 852 (2002); Korotkova N A et al Yad. Fiz. 65 884 (2002)
  44. Bashindzhagyan G L et al Instrum. Exp. Tech. 48 32 (2005); Bashindzhagyan G L et al Prib. Tekh. Eksp. (1) 46 (2005)
  45. Podorozhnyi D M et al Phys. Atom. Nucl. 68 50 (2005); Podorozhnyi D M et al Yad. Fiz. 68 51 (2005)
  46. Guzik T G et al Adv. Space Res. 33 1763 (2004)
  47. Panov A D et al Instrum. Exp. Tech. 51 665 (2008); Panov A D et al Prib. Tekh. Eksp. (5) 33 (2008)
  48. Ahn H S et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 579 1034 (2007)
  49. Ahn H S et al Nuc. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 175 155 (2008)
  50. Atwood W B et al Astrophys. J. 697 1071 (2009); Atwood W B et al arXiv:0902.1089
  51. Torii S 33rd Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 2-9 July 2013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ed. A Saa, 2013) p. 631
  52. 33rd Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 2-9 July 2013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ed. A Saa, 2013) p. 2197
  53. Totii S PoS ICRC2015 581 (2015)
  54. Chang J et al Astropart. Phys. 95 6 (2017); Chang J et al arXiv:1706.08453
  55. Yuhong Y et al Astropart. Phys. 94 1 (2017); Yuhong Y et al arXiv:1703.00098
  56. Qiao R et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 886 48 (2018)
  57. Zhang Z et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 836 98 (2016); Zhang Z et al arXiv:1602.07015
  58. Circella M (On behalf of the PAMELA Collab.) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 518 153 (2004)
  59. Picozza P et al Astropart. Phys. 27 296 (2007)
  60. Adriani O et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 572 471 (2007)
  61. Orsi S (for the PAMELA Collab.) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 580 880 (2007)
  62. Kounine A Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 21 123005 (2012)
  63. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 141102 (2013)
  64. Binns W R et al (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ., 1981) p. 91
  65. Binns W B et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. 185 415 (1981)
  66. Müller D et al Proc. of the 30th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. July 3-11, 2007, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico Vol. 2 (Eds R Caballero et al) (Mexico City, Mexico: Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2008) p. 83
  67. Ave M et al Astrophys. J. 678 262 (2008)
  68. Obermeier A et al Astrophys. J. 742 14 (2011); Obermeier A et al arXiv:1108.4838
  69. Mitchell J W et al 32nd Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Beijing 2011, ICRC2011 (2011), ID 1234;
  70. Binns W R et al Astrophys. J. 788 18 (2014)
  71. Hams T et al PoS ICRC2015 038 (2015)
  72. Donnelly J et al Astrophys. J. 747 40 (2012)
  73. Stone E C et al Space Sci. Rev. 86 285 (1998)
  74. Wiedenbeck M E et al PoS ICRC2015 340 (2015)
  75. Binns W R et al Proc. of the 30th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. July 3-11, 2007, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico Vol. 6 (Eds R Caballero et al) (Mexico City, Mexico: Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2008) p. 29
  76. Smith L H et al Astrophys. J. 180 987 (1973)
  77. Webber W R, Golden R L, Stephens S A 20th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 1 (1987) p. 325
  78. Streitmatter E R et al Proc. of the 21st Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 3 (1990) p. 3
  79. Bellotti R et al Phys. Rev. D 60 052002 (1999)
  80. Menn W et al Proc. of the 25th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 30 July - 6 August, 1997, Durban, South Africa Vol. 3 (Eds M S Potgieter, C Raubenheimer, D J van der Walt) (Transvaal, South Africa: Potchefstroom Univ., 1997) p. 409
  81. Boezio M et al Astrophys. J. 518 457 (1999)
  82. Sanuki T et al Astrophys. J. 545 1135 (2000)
  83. Alcaraz J et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 490 27 (2000)
  84. Boezio M et al Astropart. Phys. 19 583 (2003); Boezio M et al astro-ph/0212253
  85. Grigorov N L et al Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 11 588 (1970); Grigorov N L et al Yad. Fiz. 11 1058 (1970)
  86. Akimov V V "Izuchenie energeticheskogo spektra protonov pervichnykh kosmicheskikh luchei na ISZ ’PROTON-3’ (Studies of the energy spectrum of protons in primary cosmic ways aboard PROTON-3 Earth satellite vehicle)" Candidate’s Dissertation in Phys. and Math. Sci. (Moscow: Inst. of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., 1973)
  87. Ryan M J, Ormes J F, Balasubrahmanyan V K Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 985 (1972)
  88. Grigorov N L Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 51 99 (1990); Grigorov N L Yad. Fiz. 51 157 (1990)
  89. Ivanenko I P et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 57 (7) 76 (1993)
  90. Zatsepin V I et al Phys. Atom. Nucl. 57 645 (1994); Zatsepin V I et al Yad. Fiz. 57 684 (1994)
  91. Kawamura Y et al Phys. Rev. D 40 729 (1989)
  92. Kawamura Y et al Proc. of the 21st Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 3 (1990) p. 89
  93. Takahashi Y (for the JACEE Collab.) Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 60 83 (1998)
  94. Asakimori K et al Astrophys. J. 502 278 (1998)
  95. Derbina V A et al Astrophys. J. 628 L41 (2005)
  96. Zatsepin V I, Sokolskaya N V Astron. Astrophys. 458 1 (2006); Zatsepin V I, Sokolskaya N V astro-ph/0601475
  97. Panov A et al PoS ICRC2017 1094 (2017)
  98. Atkin E et al JETP Lett. 108 5 (2018); Atkin E et al Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 108 5 (2018)
  99. Yue C et al PoS ICRC2017 1076 (2017)
  100. Gallo V et al PoS ICRC2017 169 (2017)
  101. An Q et al (DAMPE Collab.) Sci. Adv. 5 eaax3793 (2019); An Q et al (DAMPE Collab.) arXiv:1909.12860
  102. Alemanno F et al (DAMPE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 201102 (2021); Alemanno F et al (DAMPE Collab.) arXiv:2105.09073
  103. Kobayashi K, Marrocchesi P S et al PoS ICRC2021 098 (2021)
  104. Brogi P, Kobayashi K PoS ICRC2021 101 (2021)
  105. Marrocchesi P S PoS ICRC2021 010 (2021)
  106. Ahn H S et al Astrophys. J. 707 593 (2009); Ahn H S et al arXiv:0911.1889
  107. Aguilar M et al Phys. Rep. 894 1 (2021)
  108. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 041104 (2021)
  109. Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 251102 (2020); Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) arXiv:2012.10319
  110. Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 241101 (2021); Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) arXiv:2106.08036
  111. Grebenyuk V et al Adv. Space Res. 64 2546 (2019)
  112. Wu L et al PoS ICRC2021 128 (2021)
  113. Podorozhny D et al Adv. Space Res. 70 1529 (2022)
  114. Turundaevskiy A N et al Adv. Space Res. 70 2696 (2022)
  115. Alfaro R et al (HAWC Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 96 122001 (2017)
  116. Vargas L H (for the HAWC Collab.) EPJ Web Conf. 208 14001 (2019)
  117. Varsi F et al PoS ICRC2019 449 (2019)
  118. Kudryashov I et al PoS ICRC2021 166 (2021)
  119. Kudryashov I et al Universe 7 460 (2021)
  120. Fornieri O et al Phys. Rev. D 104 103013 (2021); Fornieri O et al arXiv:2007.15321
  121. Yuan Q et al Front. Phys. 16 24501 (2021); Yuan Q et al arXiv:2007.01768
  122. Fang K, Bi X-J, Yin P-F Astrophys. J. 903 69 (2020); Fang K, Bi X-J, Yin P-F arXiv:2003.13635
  123. Malkov M A, Moskalenko I V Astrophys. J. 911 151 (2021); Malkov M A, Moskalenko I V arXiv:2010.02826
  124. Malkov M A, Moskalenko I V Astrophys. J. 933 78 (2022); Malkov M A, Moskalenko I V arXiv:2105.04630
  125. Cowsik R et al Phys. Rev. 158 1238 (1967)
  126. Ginzburg V L, Ptuskin V S Sov. Phys. Usp. 18 931 (1975); Ginzburg V L, Ptuskin V S Usp. Fiz. Nauk 117 585 (1975)
  127. Gaisser T K Cosmic Rays And Particle Physics (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990)
  128. Grebenyuk V et al arXiv:1809.07285
  129. Kudryashov I A et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 87 870 (2023); Kudryashov I A et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 87 927 (2023); Kudryashov I A et al arXiv:2303.16539
  130. Strong A W, Moskalenko I V Astrophys. J. 509 212 (1998)
  131. Vladimirov A E et al Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 1156 (2011)
  132. Bedugo J PoS ICRC2021 016 (2021)
  133. Engelmann J J et al Astron. Astrophys. 233 96 (1990)
  134. Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 131103 (2022); Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) arXiv:2204.00845
  135. Jones M D et al Proc. of the 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 2 (1985) p. 28
  136. Israel M H et al Proc. of the 20th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow Vol. 1 (1987) p. 330
  137. Panov A D, Sokolskaya N V, Zatsepin V I Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 256-257 233 (2014)
  138. Berezinskii V S et al Astrophysics Of Cosmic Rays (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990); Translated from Russian, Berezinskii V S et al Astrofizika Kosmicheskikh Luchei (Moscow: Nauka, 1984)
  139. Castellina A, Donato F Astropart. Phys. 24 146 (2005)
  140. Strong A W, Moskalenko I V, Ptuskin V S Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57 285 (2007)
  141. Blasi P Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21 70 (2013)
  142. Grenier I A, Black J H, Strong A W Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 53 199 (2015)
  143. Berezhko E G et al Astron. Astrophys. 410 189 (2003); Berezhko E G et al astro-ph/0308199
  144. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 231102 (2016)
  145. Panov A D et al Adv. Space Res. 37 1944 (2006)
  146. Ahn H S et al Astropart. Phys. 30 133 (2008); Ahn H S et al arXiv:0808.1718
  147. Adriani O et al Astrophys. J. 791 93 (2014); Adriani O et al arXiv:1407.1657
  148. Obermeier A et al Astrophys. J. 752 69 (2012); Obermeier A et al arXiv:1204.6188
  149. Yue C et al PoS ICRC2021 126 (2021)
  150. Akaikea Y, Maestro P PoS ICRC2021 112 (2021)
  151. Thoudam S, Hörandel J R Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 435 2532 (2013); Thoudam S, Höt;randel J R arXiv:1304.1400
  152. Binns W R et al Astrophys. J. 324 1106 (1988)
  153. Vylet M et al 21st Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 3 (1989) p. 19
  154. Zatsepin V I et al Astron. Lett. 35 338 (2009); Zatsepin; V I et al Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 35 377 (2009)
  155. Binns W R et al Astrophys. J. 346 997 (1989)
  156. Israel M H et al Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 18th, Bangalore, India, August 22 - September 3, 1983, Late Papers Vol. 9 (Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1983) p. 123
  157. Lave K A et al Astrophys. J. 770 117 (2013)
  158. Murphy R P et al Astrophys. J. 831 148 (2016); Murphy R P et al arXiv:1608.08183
  159. Binns W R et al Proc. of the 33rd Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Rio de Janeiro, 2013 (2013), ID 0646; http://www.cbpf.br/~icrc2013/papers/icrc2013-0646.pdf
  160. Lodders K Astrophys. J. 591 1220 (2003)
  161. Ellison D C, Drury L O’C, Meyer J-P Astrophys. J. 487 197 (1997); Ellison D C, Drury L O’C, Meyer J-P astro-ph/9704293
  162. Woosley S E, Heger A Phys. Rep. 442 269 (2007); Woosley S E, Heger A astro-ph/0702176
  163. Israel M H et al Nucl. Phys. A 758 201 (2005)
  164. Binns W R et al Astrophys. J. 634 351 (2005); Binns W R et al astro-ph/0508398
  165. de Nolfo G A et al Adv. Space Res. 38 1558 (2006); de Nolfo G A et al astro-ph/0611301
  166. Israel M H et al PoS ICRC2015 275 (2015)
  167. Binns W R et al Science 352 677 (2016)
  168. Kalyashova M E, Bykov A M, Osipov S M Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 85 357 (2021); Kalyashova M E, Bykov A M, Osipov S M Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 85 482 (2021)
  169. Vasil’ev O A et al Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 18 217 (2021); Vasil’ev O A et al Pis’ma Fiz. Elem. Chast. At. Yad. 18 233 (2021)
  170. Adriani O et al Astrophys. J. 770 2 (2013); Adriani O et al arXiv:1304.5420
  171. Adriani O et al Astrophys. J. 818 68 (2016); Adriani O et al arXiv:1512.06535
  172. Bogomolov E A, Vasilyev G I Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 83 967 (2019); Bogomolov E A, Vasilyev G I Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 83 1066 (2019)
  173. Bogomolov E A, Vasilyev G I, Menn W Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 85 341 (2021); Bogomolov E A, Vasilyev G I, Menn W Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 85 466 (2021)
  174. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 18102 (2019)
  175. Ivanenko I P 23rd Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 19-30 July, 1993, Alberta, Canada, Invited, Rapporteur, and Highlight Papers Vol. 2 (Eds D A Leahy, R B Hicks, D Venkatesan) (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993) p. 17
  176. Podorozhnyi D, Turundaevskiy A Adv. Space Res. 59 495 (2017)
  177. Strong A W, Moskalenko I V Astrophys. J. 493 694 (1998); Strong A W, Moskalenko I V astro-ph/9710124
  178. Nishimura J et al Proc. of the 25th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 30 July - 6 August, 1997, Durban, South Africa Vol. 4 (Eds M S Potgieter, C Raubenheimer, D J van der Walt) (Transvaal, South Africa: Potchefstroom Univ., 1997) p. 233
  179. Abdollahi S et al (The Fermi-LAT Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 95 082007 (2017); Abdollahi S et al (The Fermi-LAT Collab.) arXiv:1704.07195
  180. Ambrosi G et al (DAMPE Collab.) Nature 552 63 (2017); Ambrosi G et al (DAMPE Collab.) arXiv:1711.10981
  181. Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 261102 (2018); Adriani O et al (CALET Collab.) arXiv:1806.09728
  182. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 101101 (2019)
  183. Chang J et al Nature 456 362 (2008)
  184. Panov A D et al Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans. 7 119 (2011)
  185. Borisov S V et al Bull. Lebedev Phys. Inst. 37 184 (2010); Borisov S V et al Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz. FIAN 37 (6) 35 (2010)
  186. Aharonian F et al Astron. Astrophys. 508 561 (2009); Aharonian F et al arXiv:0905.0105
  187. Borla Tridon D et al Proc. of the 32nd Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., ICRC2011, 11-18 August, 2011, Beijing, China Vol. 6 (2011) p. 47; Borla Tridon D et al arXiv:1110.4008
  188. Archer A et al (The VERITAS Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 98 062004 (2018); Archer A et al (The VERITAS Collab.) arXiv:1808.10028
  189. Ding Y-C Phys. Rev. D 103 115010 (2021); Ding Y-C arXiv:2007.00703
  190. Panov A D et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 75 319 (2011); Panov A D et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 75 348 (2011)
  191. Adriani O et al Nature 458 607 (2009); Adriani O et al arXiv:1109.0521
  192. Ackermann M et al (Fermi LAT Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 011103 (2012); Ackermann M et al (Fermi LAT Collab.) arXiv:1109.0521
  193. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 141102 (2013)
  194. Accardo L et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 121101 (2014)
  195. Adriani O et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 081102 (2013); Adriani O et al arXiv:1308.0133
  196. Haino S et al Proc. of the 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., August 3-10, 2005, Pune, India Vol. 3 (Eds B Sripathi Achary et al) (Mumbai: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 2005) p. 13
  197. Abe K et al (BESS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 670 103 (2008); Abe K et al (BESS Collab.) arXiv:0805.1754
  198. Adriani O et al JETP Lett. 96 621 (2013); Adriani O et al Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 96 693 (2012)
  199. Aguilar M et al (AMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 091103 (2016)
  200. Mayorov A G et al JETP Lett. 93 628 (2011); Mayorov A G et al Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 93 704 (2011)
  201. Ding Y-C, Li N, Zhou Y-F JCAP 2023 (03) 051 (2023); Ding Y-C, Li N, Zhou Y-F arXiv:2212.02539
  202. Poulin V et al Phys. Rev. D 99 023016 (2019); Poulin V et al arXiv:1808.08961
  203. Walsh N, Rauch B, Zober W 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 28 January - 4 February, 2021 (2021) p. 1357
  204. Rauch B, Walsh N, Zober W PoS ICRC2021 087 (2021)
  205. Perrina C (on behalf of the HERD Collab.) EPJ Web Conf. 280 01008 (2023)
  206. Karmanov D et al Adv. Space Res. 64 2619 (2019)
  207. Kurganov A et al arXiv:2306.13406
  208. Wefel J P et al Proc. of the 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. August 3-10, 2005, Pune, India Vol. 3 (Eds B Sripathi Acharya et al) (Mumbai: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 2005) p. 105
  209. Sanuki T et al astro-ph/0002481
  210. Adams G et al Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 61 922 (1997); Adams G et al Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 61 1181 (1997)
  211. Arqueros F et al (HEGRA Collab.) Astron. Astrophys. 359 682 (2000); Arqueros F et al (HEGRA Collab.) astro-ph/9908202
  212. Roth M et al Proc. of the 28th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. July 31 - August 7, 2003, Tsukuba, Japan Vol. 1 (Eds T Kajita et al, 2003) p. 139
  213. Kieda D et al Proc. of the 26th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., August 17-25, 1999, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Vol. 3 (Eds D Kieda, M Salamon, B Dingus, 1999) p. 191
  214. Fowler J W et al Astropart. Phys. 15 49 (2001); Fowler J W et al astro-ph/0003190
  215. Binns W R et al Astrophys. J. 936 13 (2022)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions