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Reviews of topical problems


Direct observations of cosmic rays: state of the art

† , ‡ , § 
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie Gory 1 build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

The state of the art in exploring galactic cosmic rays using spacecraft and high-altitude balloons is reviewed in detail. The most urgent basic problems of high- and ultrahigh-energy astrophysics, solved by direct observations of cosmic rays, are discussed. Prospects for the advancement of research in this field of science in the next decade are outlined.

Typically, an English full text is available in about 1 month from the date of publication of the original article.

Keywords: cosmic rays, direct observations
PACS: 96.50.S−
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2023.11.039589
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2024/7/a/
Citation: Panov A D, Podorozhnyi D M, Turundaevskii A N "Direct observations of cosmic rays: state of the art" Phys. Usp. 67 (7) (2024)

Received: 24th, July 2023, revised: 29th, October 2023, 8th, November 2023

Оригинал: Панов А Д, Подорожный Д М, Турундаевский А Н «Прямые наблюдения космических лучей: современное состояние проблемы» УФН 194 681–710 (2024); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2023.11.039589

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