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Kapitza—Dirac diffraction of atomsa Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Ulyanova 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation b All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements, Mendeleevo, Moscow Region, Russian Federation Kapitza and Dirac predicted the diffraction of an electron on a standing optical wave. The roles of light and matter here changed places relative to classical optics. Later, ideas about the diffraction of matter on an electromagnetic wave were developed in atomic physics. The diffraction of atoms has been observed in various forms and is used in atomic interferometers.
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