This paper is based on my report at the Scientific Session held on May 27, 2024, as part of the General Meeting of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The presented results concern such scientific areas as condensed matter physics and physical materials science, optics, laser physics and laser technologies, plasma physics, phys„ical electronics, radiophysics, and acoustics. These areas have been actively developing in recent decades and retain their relevance today.