Vertical refraction of light in the atmospheric surface layer: traditional problems of determining refraction and new technical achievements

V.P. Savinykh, I.Yu. Vasyutinsky, D.V. Dement’ev
Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Gorohovskii per. 4, Moscow, 103064, Russian Federation

Almost all the methods of determining refraction are based on the theory created by Newton. Studies performed by Newton, Euler, Oriani, Bernoulli, et al. involved the determination of the geometrical path of a light ray. However, the refraction of light propagating in the atmospheric surface layer cannot be calculated reliably because of numerous conditions determining the propagation of light in the layer. Modern methods for determining the refraction of light providing optical measurements with an instrumental accuracy of the devices used are analyzed.

Keywords: temperature gradient, air refractive index gradient, air refractive index pulsations, angle of incidence of a laser beam, unstable temperature stratification of the atmosphere, statistical characteristics of a wave, turbulence, wind velocity, light curve radius, refractive index, atmospheric surface layer
PACS: 42.15.−i, 42.25.Bs, 42.68.Bz (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.11.039100
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/8/f/
Web of Science

001099034300006
Scopus

2-s2.0-85182876738
Citation: Savinykh V P, Vasyutinsky I Yu, Dement’ev D V "Vertical refraction of light in the atmospheric surface layer: traditional problems of determining refraction and new technical achievements" Phys. Usp. 65 864–879 (2022)

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Received: 10th, May 2021, revised: 10th, November 2021, accepted: 10th, November 2021

Оригинал: Савиных В П, Васютинский И Ю, Дементьев Д В «Вертикальная рефракция света в приземном слое атмосферы: традиционные проблемы определения рефракции и новые технические достижения» УФН 192 926–943 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2021.11.039100