RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 11, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2021

 / 

December

←  →

50th anniversary of the Institute for Nuclear Research, RAS. Reviews of topical problems


Constraints on models of the origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos


Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation

The existence of astrophysical neutrinos with energies of tens of TeV and higher has been firmly established by the IceCube experiment; the first confirmations of this discovery were obtained by the ANTARES and Baikal-GVD installations. At the same time, observational results do not fully agree with those expected before the start of these experiments. The origin of the neutrino has not yet been determined, while simple theoretical models, popular for decades, cannot explain the entire ensemble of observational data. In the present review, a summary of experimental results is given with a particular emphasis on those most relevant for constraining theoretical models; features of various scenarios of the origin of high-energy neutrinos are discussed; and particular classes of their potential astrophysical sources are briefly listed. It is shown that observational data may be explained if the astrophysical neutrino flux includes both a contribution of extragalactic sources, dominant at high energies, and a Galactic component, essential only at neutrino energies ≾100 TeV. Other possible scenarios are also discussed.

Fulltext pdf (938 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.09.039062
Keywords: neutrino, multimessenger astrophysics, high-energy astronomy
PACS: 95.30.Cq, 95.55.Vj, 98.70.Vc (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2021.09.039062
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2021/12/e/
000765557800005
2-s2.0-85128258952
2021PhyU...64.1261T
Citation: Troitsky S V "Constraints on models of the origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos" Phys. Usp. 64 1261–1285 (2021)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 2nd, July 2021, revised: 7th, September 2021, 13th, September 2021

Оригинал: Троицкий С В «Ограничения на модели происхождения астрофизических нейтрино высоких энергий» УФН 191 1333–1360 (2021); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2021.09.039062

References (278) ↓ Cited by (22) Similar articles (5)

  1. Capone A, Lipari P, Vissani F Multiple Messengers And Challenges In Astroparticle Physics (Eds R Aloisio, E Coccia, F Vissani) (Cham: Springer Intern. Publ., 2018) p. 195
  2. Spurio M Probes Of Multimessenger Astrophysics: Charged Cosmic Rays, Neutrinos, γ-Rays And Gravitational Waves (New York: Springer, 2018)
  3. Palladino A, Spurio M, Vissani F Universe 6 30 (2020)
  4. Shpiring K Usp. Fiz. Nauk 184 510 (2014); Spiering Ch Phys. Usp. 57 470 (2014)
  5. Spiering C "Neutrino detectors under water and ice" Particle Physics Reference Library (Eds C Fabjan, H Schopper) (Cham: Springer, 2020)
  6. Ryabov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 176 931 (2006); Ryabov V A Phys. Usp. 49 905 (2006)
  7. Glashow S L Phys. Rev. 118 316 (1960)
  8. Berezinskii V S, Gazizov A Z Pis’ma ZhETF 25 276 (1977); Berezinskii V S, Gazizov A Z JETP Lett. 25 254 (1977)
  9. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 835 151 (2017)
  10. Learned J G, Pakvasa S Astropart. Phys. 3 267 (1995)
  11. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 93 022001 (2016)
  12. Aartsen M G Nature 591 220 (2021)
  13. Abbasi R et al arXiv:2011.03561
  14. Troitskii S V Mnogokanal’naya Astronomiya (Pod red. A M Cherepashchuka) (Fryazino: Vek-2, 2019) p. 135
  15. Aartsen M G Science 361 eaat1378 (2018)
  16. Chiarusi T, Spurio M Eur. Phys. J. C 65 649 (2010)
  17. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 833 3 (2016)
  18. IceCube catalog of alert events up through IceCube-170922A (Posted on July 12, 2018)
  19. All-sky point-source IceCube data: years 2008-2018 (Posted on January 26, 2021)
  20. Abbasi R et al. (IceCube Collab.) arXiv:2101.09836
  21. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 101101 (2014)
  22. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) 34th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., ICRC 2015, 30 July-6 August 2015, The Hague, Netherlands
  23. Aartsen M G et al. (IceCube Collab.) arXiv:1710.01179
  24. Abbasi R(IceCube Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 104 022002 (2021)
  25. Stettner J (IceCube Collab.) PoS ICRC2019 1017 (2020)
  26. Markov M A Proc. of the 10th Intern. Conf. on High-Energy Physics, ICHEP 60, RocheStein R, NY, USA, 25 August - 1 September 1960 (Eds E C G Sudarshan, J H Tinlot, A C Melissinos) (RocheStein R, NY: RocheStein R Univ., 1960) p. 578
  27. Zheleznykh I Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21 (Suppl. 01) 1 (2006)
  28. Fusco L A, Versari F PoS ICRC2019 891 (2020)
  29. Avrorin A D PoS ICRC2019 873 (2021)
  30. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 121104 (2020)
  31. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 91 022001 (2015)
  32. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 99 032004 (2019)
  33. Fargion D, Oliva P, Ucci G PoS FRAPWS2014 028 (2016)
  34. Mascaretti C, Vissani F JCAP 2019 (08) 004 (2019)
  35. Fargion D PoS FRAPWS2018 007 (2019)
  36. Palladino A, Mascaretti C, Vissani F JCAP 2018 (08) 004 (2018)
  37. Chen C-Y, Bhupal Dev P S, Soni A Phys. Rev. D 92 073001 (2015)
  38. Halzen F PoS ICRC2019 021 (2020)
  39. Bustamante M, Ahlers M Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 241101 (2019)
  40. Song N JCAP 2021 (04) 054 (2021)
  41. Vincent A C, Palomares-Ruiz S, Mena O Phys. Rev. D 94 023009 (2016)
  42. Palladino A, Vissani F Astrophys. J. 826 185 (2016)
  43. Neronov A, Semikoz D Phys. Rev. D 93 123002 (2016)
  44. Palladino A, Spurio M, Vissani F JCAP 2016 (12) 045 (2016)
  45. Troitskii S V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 183 323 (2013); Troitsky S V Phys. Usp. 56 304 (2013)
  46. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 835 151 (2017)
  47. All-sky point-source IceCube data: years 2012-2015 (Posted on February 27, 2020)
  48. Aartsen M G et al. (IceCube Collab.) arXiv:1710.01179
  49. Ando S, Tamborra I, Zandanel F Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 221101 (2015)
  50. Gaggero D Astrophys. J. Lett. 815 L25 (2015)
  51. Albert A Astrophys. J. Lett. 868 L20 (2018)
  52. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 886 12 (2019)
  53. Neronov A, Semikoz D Astropart. Phys. 75 60 (2016)
  54. Troitskii S V Pis’ma ZhETF 102 899 (2015); Troitsky S JETP Lett. 102 785 (2015)
  55. Dubovskii S L, Tinyakov P G Pis’ma ZhETF 68 99 (1998); Dubovsky S L, Tinyakov P G JETP Lett. 68 107 (1998)
  56. Argüelles C A, Dujmovic H PoS ICRC2019 839 (2020)
  57. Dekker A, Chianese M, Ando S JCAP 2020 (09) 007 (2020)
  58. Aartsen M G(IceCube Collab.) Eur. Phys. J. C 78 831 (2018)
  59. Bhattacharya A JCAP 2019 (05) 051 (2019)
  60. Su M, Slatyer T R, Finkbeiner D P Astrophys. J. 724 1044 (2010)
  61. Hallmann S, Eberl T PoS ICRC2017 1001 (2018)
  62. Lunardini C Phys. Rev. D 90 023016 (2014)
  63. Fang K Phys. Rev. D 96 123007 (2017)
  64. Tinyakov P G, Tkachev I I Phys. Rev. D 69 128301 (2004)
  65. Aartsen M G Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 051103 (2020)
  66. Albert A Astrophys. J. 892 92 (2020)
  67. Plavin A Astrophys. J. 894 101 (2020)
  68. Giommi P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 497 865 (2020)
  69. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 898 117 (2020)
  70. Smith D, Hooper D, Vieregg A JCAP 2021 (03) 031 (2021)
  71. Albert A Astrophys. J. 911 48 (2021)
  72. Padovani P, Turcati A, Resconi E Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 477 3469 (2018)
  73. Acero F Astrophys. J. Suppl. 218 23 (2015)
  74. Ackermann M Astrophys. J. Suppl. 222 5 (2016)
  75. Ajello M Astrophys. J. Suppl. 232 18 (2017)
  76. Ackermann M Astrophys. J. 810 14 (2015)
  77. Ajello M Astrophys. J. 892 105 (2020)
  78. Chang Y-L, Brandt C H, Giommi P Astron. Comput. 30 100350 (2020)
  79. Chang Y L Astron. Astrophys. 598 A17 (2017)
  80. Chang Y L Astron. Astrophys. 632 A77 (2019)
  81. Neronov A, Semikoz D V, Ptitsyna K Astron. Astrophys. 603 A135 (2017)
  82. Palladino A, Vissani F Astron. Astrophys. 604 A18 (2017)
  83. Padovani P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 457 3582 (2016)
  84. Huber M PoS ICRC2019 916 (2020)
  85. Plavin A V Astrophys. J. 908 157 (2021)
  86. Zhou B, Kamionkowski M, Liang Y Phys. Rev. D 103 123018 (2021)
  87. Zensus J A Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35 607 (1997)
  88. Blandford R, Meier D, Readhead A Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 57 467 (2019)
  89. Thompson A R, Moran J M, Swenson G W (Jr.) Interferometry And Synthesis In Radio Astronomy 3rd ed. (Cham: Springer Intern. Publ., 2017)
  90. Hovatta T Astron. Astrophys. 650 A83 (2021)
  91. Aublin J, Plavin A PoS ICRC2021 1164 (2021)
  92. Murase K, Bartos I Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 69 477 (2019)
  93. Strotjohann N L, Kowalski M, Franckowiak A Astron. Astrophys. 622 L9 (2019)
  94. Ackermann M "Searches for signals from cosmic point-like sources of high energy neutrinos in 5 years of AMANDA-II data" Ph.D. Thesis (Berlin: Humboldt Univ., 2006); Ackermann M https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/16219
  95. Bernardini E Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 567 418 (2006)
  96. Halzen F, Hooper D Astropart. Phys. 23 537 (2005)
  97. Reimer A, Bottcher M, Postnikov S Astrophys. J. 630 186 (2005)
  98. Kintscher T PoS ICRC2017 969 (2018)
  99. Lipunov V M Astrophys. J. Lett. 896 L19 (2020)
  100. Aartsen M G Science 361 147 (2018)
  101. Halzen F Astrophys. J. Lett. 874 L9 (2019)
  102. Gao S Nat. Astron. 3 88 (2019)
  103. Cerruti M Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 483 L12 (2019)
  104. Cerruti M Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 502 L21 (2021), Erratum
  105. Keivani A Astrophys. J. 864 84 (2018)
  106. Murase K, Oikonomou F, Petropoulou M Astrophys. J. 865 124 (2018)
  107. Gokus A Astron. Nachr. 339 331 (2018)
  108. Sahakyan N Astrophys. J. 866 109 (2018)
  109. Reimer A, Boettcher M, Buson S Astrophys. J. 881 46 (2019)
  110. Reimer A, Boettcher M, Buson S Astrophys. J. 899 168 (2020)
  111. Rodrigues X Astrophys. J. Lett. 874 L29 (2019)
  112. Kovalev Y A Adv. Space Res. 65 745 (2020)
  113. Postnov K A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 545 (1999); Postnov K A Phys. Usp. 42 469 (1999)
  114. Bykov A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 188 894 (2018); Bykov A M Phys. Usp. 61 805 (2018)
  115. Aptekar’ R L i dr Usp. Fiz. Nauk 189 785 (2019); Aptekar R L Phys. Usp. 62 739 (2019)
  116. Milgrom M, Usov V Astrophys. J. Lett. 449 L37 (1995)
  117. Waxman E Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 386 (1995)
  118. Vietri M Astrophys. J. 453 883 (1995)
  119. Waxman E, Bahcall J Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 2292 (1997)
  120. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 824 115 (2016)
  121. Aartsen M G Astrophys. J. 843 112 (2017)
  122. Albert A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 500 5614 (2020)
  123. Albert A JCAP 2021 (03) 092 (2021)
  124. Stein R PoS ICRC2019 1016 (2020)
  125. Stein R Nat. Astron. 5 510 (2021)
  126. Winter W, Lunardini C Nat. Astron. 5 472 (2021)
  127. Amenomori M(Tibet ASγ Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 051101 (2019)
  128. Abeysekara A U Astrophys. J. 881 134 (2019)
  129. Albert A Astrophys. J. Lett. 907 L30 (2021)
  130. Abeysekara A U(HAWC Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 021102 (2020)
  131. Albert A Astrophys. J. Lett. 896 L29 (2020)
  132. Cao Z Nature 594 33 (2021)
  133. Amenomori M(Tibet ASγ Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 141101 (2021)
  134. Dzhappuev D D Astrophys. J. Lett. 96 L22 (2021)
  135. Kachelriess M, Semikoz D V Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 109 103710 (2019)
  136. Berezinsky V S, Volynsky V V Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 10 (Tokyo: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo, 1979) p. 326
  137. Kelner S R, Aharonian F A, Bugayov V V Phys. Rev. D 74 034018 (2006)
  138. Kelner S R, Aharonian F A, Bugayov V V Phys. Rev. D 79 039901 (2009)
  139. Lipari P, Lusignoli M, Meloni D Phys. Rev. D 75 123005 (2007)
  140. Roulet E, Vissani F JCAP 2021 (03) 050 (2021)
  141. Kudenko Yu G Usp. Fiz. Nauk 188 821 (2018); Kudenko Yu G Phys. Usp. 61 739 (2018)
  142. Zyla P A Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020 083C01 (2020)
  143. Berezinsky V S, Smirnov A Y Astrophys. Space Sci. 32 461 (1975)
  144. Berezinskii V S i dr Astrofizika Kosmicheskikh Luchei (Pod red. V L Ginzburga) (M.: Nauka, 1984); Per. na angl. yaz., Berezinskii V S et al Astrophysics Of Cosmic Rays (Ed. V L Ginzburg) (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990)
  145. Waxman E, Bahcall J Phys. Rev. D 59 023002 (1998)
  146. Nikishov A I Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41 549 (1962); Nikishov A I Sov. Phys. JETP 14 393 (1962)
  147. Berezinsky V, Kalashev O Phys. Rev. D 94 023007 (2016)
  148. Ackermann M Astrophys. J. 799 86 (2015)
  149. Bouyahiaoui M, Kachelrieß M, Semikoz D V Phys. Rev. D 101 123023 (2020)
  150. Neronov A, Kachelrieß M, Semikoz D V Phys. Rev. D 98 023004 (2018)
  151. Kalashev O, Troitsky S Pis’ma ZhETF 100 865 (2015); Kalashev O, Troitsky S JETP Lett. 100 761 (2015)
  152. Minamino M 31th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. Vol. 2 (Lodz: Local Organizing Commitee of ICRC, 2009) p. 1723
  153. Tanaka H J. Phys. G 39 025201 (2012)
  154. Schatz G 28th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Tsukuba: Universal Academy Press, 2003) p. 2293
  155. Apel W D Astrophys. J. 848 1 (2017)
  156. Fomin Yu A Phys. Rev. D 95 123011 (2017)
  157. Chantell M C Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 1805 (1997)
  158. Aglietta M Astropart. Phys. 6 71 (1996)
  159. Neronov A, Semikoz D, Vovk I Astron. Astrophys. 653 L4 (2021)
  160. Murase K, Ahlers M, Lacki B C Phys. Rev. D 88 121301 (2013)
  161. Capanema A, Esmaili A, Murase K Phys. Rev. D 101 103012 (2020)
  162. Gupta N Astropart. Phys. 48 75 (2013)
  163. Joshi J C, Winter W, Gupta N Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 439 3414 (2014)
  164. Joshi J C, Winter W, Gupta N Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 446 892 (2014), Erratum
  165. Ahlers M, Murase K Phys. Rev. D 90 023010 (2014)
  166. Mannheim K, Protheroe R J, Rachen J P Phys. Rev. D 63 023003 (2000)
  167. Berezinskii V S, Zatsepin G T Usp. Fiz. Nauk 122 3 (1977); Berezinskii V S, Zatsepin G T Sov. Phys. Usp. 20 361 (1977)
  168. Neronov A, Semikoz D Astron. Astrophys. 633 A94 (2020)
  169. Dembinski H P PoS ICRC2017 533 (2018)
  170. Kachelrieß M Phys. Rev. D 96 083006 (2017)
  171. Ackermann M Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 151105 (2016)
  172. Roulet E JCAP 2021 (08) 009 (2021)
  173. Hummer S Astropart. Phys. 34 205 (2010)
  174. Bustamante M, Tamborra I Phys. Rev. D 102 123008 (2020)
  175. Ryabtsev K, Troitsky S Phys. Lett. B (2021), submitted
  176. Anchordoqui L A Phys. Lett. B 593 42 (2004)
  177. Kachelriess M, Semikoz D V Phys. Lett. B 634 143 (2006)
  178. Ptuskin V, Rogovaya S, Zirakashvili V Adv. Space Res. 51 315 (2013)
  179. Kalashev O E, Ptitsyna K V, Troitsky S V Phys. Rev. D 86 063005 (2012)
  180. Dubovsky S L, Tinyakov P G, Tkachev I I Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 1154 (2000)
  181. Lipari P Phys. Rev. D 78 083011 (2008)
  182. Palladino A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 494 4255 (2020)
  183. Ahlers M, Halzen F Phys. Rev. D 90 043005 (2014)
  184. Murase K, Waxman E Phys. Rev. D 94 103006 (2016)
  185. Ando S, Feyereisen M R, Fornasa M Phys. Rev. D 95 103003 (2017)
  186. Aartsen M G Eur. Phys. J. C 79 234 (2019)
  187. Neronov A, Semikoz D Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 158 295 (2020); Neronov A, Semikoz D J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 131 265 (2020)
  188. Yuan C, Murase K, Mészáros P Astrophys. J. 890 25 (2020)
  189. Capel F, Mortlock D J, Finley C Phys. Rev. D 101 123017 (2020)
  190. Mertsch P, Rameez M, Tamborra I JCAP 2017 (03) 011 (2017)
  191. Aartsen M G JCAP 2020 (07) 042 (2020)
  192. Fang K Astrophys. J. 894 112 (2020)
  193. Berezinsky V Proc. of the Intern. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Neutrino Astrophysics, Baksan Valley, 18 - 24 June, 1977 (Moscow: Nauka, 1978)
  194. Eichler D Astrophys. J. 232 106 (1979)
  195. Berezinskii V S, Ginzburg V L Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 194 3 (1981)
  196. Murase K Neutrino Astronomy Current Status, Future Prospects (Eds T Gaisser, A Karle) (Singapore: World Sci. Publ., 2017) p. 15
  197. Mészáros P Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 67 45 (2017)
  198. Böttcher M Galaxies 7 20 (2019)
  199. Cerruti M J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1468 012094 (2020); Cerruti M Proc. of the 16th Intern. Conf. on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2019, Toyama, September 9 - 13, 2019; Cerruti M arXiv:1912.03666
  200. Begelman M C, Rudak B, Sikora M Astrophys. J. 362 38 (1990)
  201. Stecker F W Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 2697 (1991)
  202. Stecker F W Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 2738 (1992), Erratum
  203. Mannheim K, Stanev T, Biermann P L Astron. Astrophys. 260 L1 (1992)
  204. Neronov A Yu, Semikoz D V Phys. Rev. D 66 123003 (2002)
  205. Stecker F W Phys. Rev. D 88 047301 (2013)
  206. Dermer C D, Murase K, Inoue Y J. High Energy Astrophys. 3-4 29 (2014)
  207. Kalashev O, Semikoz D, Tkachev I Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 147 614 (2015); Kalashev O, Semikoz D, Tkachev I J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 120 541 (2015)
  208. Ptitsyna K, Neronov A Astron. Astrophys. 593 A8 (2016)
  209. Inoue Y Astrophys. J. 880 40 (2019)
  210. Murase K, Kimura S S, Mészáros P Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 011101 (2020)
  211. Kheirandish A, Murase K, Kimura S S Astrophys. J. 922 45 (2021); Kheirandish A, Murase K, Kimura S S arXiv:2102.04475
  212. Inoue Y, Khangulyan D, Doi A Galaxies 9 36 (2021)
  213. Halzen F, Zas E Astrophys. J. 488 669 (1997)
  214. Atoyan A, Dermer C D Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 221102 (2001)
  215. Bykov A Space Sci. Rev. 173 309 (2012)
  216. Sironi L, Spitkovsky A Astrophys. J. 698 1523 (2009)
  217. Lemoine M, Waxman E JCAP 2009 (11) 009 (2009)
  218. Neronov A, Semikoz D Pis’ma ZhETF 113 77 (2021); Neronov A, Semikoz D JETP Lett. 113 69 (2021)
  219. Loeb A, Waxman E JCAP 2006 (05) 003 (2006)
  220. Bechtol K Astrophys. J. 836 47 (2017)
  221. Kistler M D arXiv:1511.01530
  222. Murase K, Inoue S, Nagataki S Astrophys. J. Lett. 689 L105 (2008)
  223. Kotera K Astrophys. J. 707 370 (2009)
  224. Fang K, Murase K Nat. Phys. 14 396 (2018)
  225. Murase K PoS ICRC2019 965 (2020)
  226. Ambrosone A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 503 4032 (2021)
  227. Mészáros P, Waxman E Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 171102 (2001)
  228. Razzaque S, Mészáros P, Waxman E Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 181101 (2004)
  229. Razzaque S, Mészáros P, Waxman E Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 109903 (2005)
  230. Ando S, Beacom J F Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 061103 (2005)
  231. Gupta N, Zhang B Astropart. Phys. 27 386 (2007)
  232. Murase K, Ioka K Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 121102 (2013)
  233. Bhattacharya A JCAP 2015 (06) 034 (2015)
  234. Tamborra I, Ando S Phys. Rev. D 93 053010 (2016)
  235. Senno N, Murase K, Mészáros P Phys. Rev. D 93 083003 (2016)
  236. Xiao D Astrophys. J. 826 133 (2016)
  237. Denton P B, Tamborra I JCAP 2018 (04) 058 (2018)
  238. He H N Astrophys. J. 856 119 (2018)
  239. Ahlers M, Halser L Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 490 4935 (2019)
  240. Wang X-Y Phys. Rev. D 84 081301 (2011)
  241. Wang X-Y, Liu R-Y Phys. Rev. D 93 083005 (2016)
  242. Dai L, Fang K Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 469 1354 (2017)
  243. Senno N, Murase K, Meszaros P Astrophys. J. 838 3 (2017)
  244. Lunardini C, Winter W Phys. Rev. D 95 123001 (2017)
  245. Guépin C Astron. Astrophys. 616 A179 (2018)
  246. Guépin C Astron. Astrophys. 636 C3 (2020), Erratum
  247. Biehl D Sci. Rep. 8 10828 (2018)
  248. Murase K Astrophys. J. 902 108 (2020)
  249. Gupta A Astrophys. J. Lett. 756 L8 (2012)
  250. Martynenko N arXiv:2105.02557
  251. Feldmann R, Hooper D, Gnedin N Y Astrophys. J. 763 21 (2013)
  252. Taylor A M, Gabici S, Aharonian F Phys. Rev. D 89 103003 (2014)
  253. Kalashev O, Troitsky S Phys. Rev. D 94 063013 (2016)
  254. Recchia S Astrophys. J. 914 135 (2021)
  255. Bertone G, Tait T M P Nature 562 51 (2018)
  256. Frampton P H, Glashow S L Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 1481 (1980)
  257. Ellis J R, Gaisser T K, Steigman G Nucl. Phys. B 177 427 (1981)
  258. Ellis J R Nucl. Phys. B 373 399 (1992)
  259. Berezinsky V S Nucl. Phys. B 380 478 (1992)
  260. Berezinsky V, Kachelrieß M, Vilenkin A Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 4302 (1997)
  261. Kuz’min V A, Rubakov V A Yadernaya Fizika 61 1122 (1998); Kuzmin V A, Rubakov V A Phys. Atom. Nucl. 61 1028 (1998)
  262. Feldstein B Phys. Rev. D 88 015004 (2013)
  263. Esmaili A, Serpico P D JCAP 2013 (11) 054 (2013)
  264. Argüelles C A, Kheirandish A, Vincent A C Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 201801 (2017)
  265. Sui Y, Bhupal Dev P S JCAP 2018 (07) 020 (2018)
  266. Berghaus K V, Diamond M D, Kaplan D E J. High Energy Phys. 2019 (05) 145 (2019)
  267. Chianese M JCAP 2019 (11) 046 (2019)
  268. Kuznetsov M Yu Pis’ma ZhETF 105 533 (2017); Kuznetsov M Yu JETP Lett. 105 561 (2017)
  269. Kachelrieß M, Kalashev O E, Kuznetsov M Yu Phys. Rev. D 98 083016 (2018)
  270. Pandey M Phys. Lett. B 797 134910 (2019)
  271. Kalashev O, Kuznetsov M, Zhezher Y JCAP 2021 (11) 016 (2021); Kalashev O, Kuznetsov M, Zhezher Y arXiv:2005.04085
  272. Bykov A M Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 453 113 (2015)
  273. Bykov A M Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 22 77 (2014)
  274. Bykov A M Adv. Space Res. 62 2764 (2018)
  275. Bykov A M Space Sci. Rev. 216 42 (2020)
  276. Bouyahiaoui M, Kachelriess M, Semikoz D V arXiv:2105.13378
  277. Bykov A M et al Astrophys. J. Lett. 921 L10 (2021)
  278. Gallo Rosso A Eur. Phys. J. Plus 133 267 (2018)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions