Can glassforming liquids be 'simple'?

The tendency of various types of liquids to vitrify at moderate cooling rates is discussed. Good glass-forming liquids—covalent melts, polymer and organic liquids—feature high viscosity values of $10^{-2}$—$10^7$ Pa s at temperatures close to melting point. The glasses obtained by cooling such liquids are nonergodic systems, i.e. their properties are not unambiguously defined by external parameters. At the same time, many glass-forming molecular liquids are usually considered as 'simple' systems described by an effective pair central potential of interaction between particles. In particular, the scaling of thermodynamic and transport characteristics for varying temperature and density and behavior under pressure of the melting temperature and the bulk modulus of molecular liquids are well described by the parameters of a simple effective pair potential. It is shown that the values of the viscosity of glassy molecular liquids in no way correspond to the effective-potential parameters (in contrast to viscosity of the true 'simple' fluids such as liquefied inert gases). Due to the complex structure of the molecules of such liquids, the effective-potential parameters heavily depend on the distance between particles. A complex set of intermolecular and interatomic chemical bonding emerges when such liquids are vitrified. Thus, glass-forming molecular liquids can only be considered as 'simple' from the point of view of their thermodynamic properties, while the polyatomic structure of their molecules results in 'complex' behavior of transport characteristics and anomalously high viscosity values.

Keywords: liquids, vitrification, ergodicity, viscosity, scaling, intermolecular interaction
PACS: 64.70.P−, 65.20.De, 66.20.Cy (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2018.06.038382
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2019/6/f/
Web of Science

000484015200006
Scopus

2-s2.0-85072918071
ADS NASA

2019PhyU...62..623B
Citation: Brazhkin V V "Can glassforming liquids be 'simple'?" Phys. Usp. 62 623–629 (2019)

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Received: 5th, April 2018, revised: 27th, May 2018, accepted: 19th, June 2018

Оригинал: Бражкин В В «Могут ли стеклообразующие жидкости быть "простыми"?» УФН 189 665–672 (2019); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2018.06.038382

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