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Reviews of topical problems

# Hadron physics in magnetic fields

a,  b, c, a,  a
a National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ul. B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
b Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation
c Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

We propose a new approach to exploring relativistic compound systems in the external magnetic field. A relativistic Hamiltonian that includes confinement, one-gluon exchange, and spin—spin interaction has been obtained using path integral formalism. The masses of the quark—antiquark states that correspond at zero magnetic field to $\rho$- and $\pi$-meson and neutron mass have been calculated as a function of the magnetic field. The most interesting phenomena occur in super-strong magnetic fields of the order of $10^{18} - 10^{20}$ G that emerge for a short time in peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions.