RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2014

 / 

July

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Ultrafast electron diffraction and electron microscopy: present status and future prospects

 a,  b,  c,  c,  b
a Lomonosov State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, prosp. Vernadskogo 86, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
b Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Fizicheskaya 5, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation
c Institute on Laser and Information Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Svyatoozerskaya str. 1, Shatura, Moscow Region, 140700, Russian Federation

Acting as complementary research tools, high time precision spectroscopy and diffractometry techniques using various physical principles open up new possibilities for studying matter with necessary integration of the “structure—dynamics—function” triad in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science. Since the 1980s, a new field of research has started at the leading research laboratories, aimed at developing means of filming the coherent dynamics of nuclei in molecules; and fast processes in biological objects (“atomic and molecular movies”). The use of ultrashort laser sources has significantly modified traditional electron beam approaches to and provided high space-time resolution for the study of materials. Diffraction methods using frame-by-frame filming and the development of the main principles of the study of coherent atomic dynamics have provided insights into wave packet dynamics, the dynamics of the intermediate states of reaction centers, and that of electrons in molecules, thus allowing the transition from the kinetics to the dynamics of the phase trajectories of the molecules in the investigation of chemical reactions.

Fulltext pdf (2.2 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201407a.0681
PACS: 07.78.+s, 61.05.J−, 64.70.D−, 64.70.K−, 68.37.Og (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201407a.0681
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2014/7/a/
000343769200001
2-s2.0-84907899861
2014PhyU...57..633I
Citation: Ishchenko A A, Aseev S A, Bagratashvili V N, Panchenko V Ya, Ryabov E A "Ultrafast electron diffraction and electron microscopy: present status and future prospects" Phys. Usp. 57 633–669 (2014)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 26th, September 2013, revised: 18th, October 2013, 22nd, October 2013

Оригинал: Ищенко А А, Асеев С А, Баграташвили В Н, Панченко В Я, Рябов Е А «Сверхбыстрая электронная дифракция и электронная микроскопия: современное состояние и перспективы» УФН 184 681–722 (2014); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201407a.0681

References (270) ↓ Cited by (27) Similar articles (20)

  1. Goodman P (General Ed.) Fifty Years Of Electron Diffraction (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1981)
  2. Ischenko A A et al. Appl. Phys. B 32 161 (1983)
  3. Rood A P, Milledge J J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2 80 1145 (1984)
  4. Akhmanov S A i dr. Pis’ma ZhTF 11 (3) 157 (1985); Akhmanov S A et al. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 11 63 (1985)
  5. Williamson S, Mourou G, Li J C M Phys. Rev. Lett. 52 2364 (1984)
  6. Sciaini G et al. Nature 458 56 (2009)
  7. Cavalleri A Nature 458 42 (2009)
  8. Zewail A H, Thomas J M 4D Electron Microscopy. Imaging In Space And Time (London: Imperial College Press, 2010)
  9. Gliserin A et al. New J. Phys. 14 073055 (2012)
  10. Hastings J B et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 184109 (2006)
  11. Tokita S et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 215004 (2010)
  12. Ishchenko A A i dr. Vestn. Mosk. Universiteta Ser. 2. Khimiya 26 (2) 140 (1985)
  13. Vabishchevich M G, Ishchenko A A Avt. svid. SSSR №1679907, zaregistrirovano 22 maya 1991 g., prioritet 14 oktyabrya 1988 g.
  14. Norrish R G W, Porter G Nature 164 658 (1949)
  15. Ewbank J D, Schäfer L, Ischenko A A J. Mol. Struct. 321 265 (1994)
  16. Ewbank J D, Schäfer L, Ischenko A A J. Mol. Struct. 524 1 (2000)
  17. Bagratashvili V N, Doljikov V S, Letokhov V S, Ryabov E A Appl. Phys. 20 231 (1979)
  18. Golubkov V V i dr. XII Vsesoyuz. konf. po elektronnoi mikroskopii, Sumy, oktyabr’ 1982 g., Tezisy dokladov (M.: Nauka, 1982) p. 62
  19. Golubkov V V., Zgurskii A V, Ishchenko A A, Petrov V I Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Fiz. 47 1115 (1983)
  20. Ischenko A A et al. J. Mol. Struct. 300 115 (1993)
  21. Lobastov V A, Ewbank J D, Schäfer L, Ischenko A A Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 2633 (1998)
  22. Ischenko A A, Ewbank J D, Schaefer L J. Phys. Chem. 98 4287 (1994)
  23. Dudek R C, Weber P M J. Phys. Chem. A 105 4167 (2001)
  24. Cardoza J D et al. Chem. Phys. 299 307 (2004)
  25. Williamson J C et al. Nature 386 159 (1997)
  26. Srinivasan R et al. Helv. Chim. Acta 86 1763 (2003)
  27. Ihee H et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 106 4087 (2002)
  28. Baskin J S, Zewail A H ChemPhysChem 6 2261 (2005)
  29. Dwyer J R et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 364 741 (2006)
  30. Ihee H et al. Science 291 458 (2001)
  31. Sciaini G, Miller R J D Rep. Prog. Phys. 74 096101 (2011)
  32. Ishchenko A A, Bagratashvili V N, Avilov A S Kristallogr. 56 805 (2011); Ishchenko A A, Bagratashvili V N, Avilov A S Crystallogr. Rep. 56 751 (2011)
  33. Ishchenko A A, Girichev G V, Tarasov Yu I Difraktsiya Elektronov: Struktura i Dinamika Svobodnykh Molekul i Kondensirovannogo Sostoyaniya Veshchestva (M.: Fizmatlit, 2013)
  34. King W et al. J. Appl. Phys. 97 111101 (2005)
  35. Tao Z et al. J. Appl. Phys. 111 044316 (2012)
  36. Raman R K et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 181108 (2009)
  37. Hebeisen C T et al. Opt. Express 16 3334 (2008)
  38. Musumeci P et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80 013302 (2009)
  39. Rentzepis P M (Ed.) Proc. SPIE 2521 (1995)
  40. Ischenko A A, Ewbank J D, Schafer L J. Phys. Chem. 99 15790 (1995)
  41. Ischenko A A, Schafer L, Ewbank J Time-Resolved Diffraction (Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation) Vol. 2 (Eds J R Helliwell, P M Rentzepis) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997) p. 323, Ch. 13
  42. Bonham R A, Fink M High-Energy Electron Scattering (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974)
  43. Bonham R A, Peixoto E M A J. Chem. Phys. 56 2377 (1972)
  44. Kohl D A, Arvedson M M J. Chem. Phys. 73 3818 (1980)
  45. Miller B R, Bartell L S J. Chem. Phys. 72 800 (1980)
  46. Kohl D A, Bonham R A J. Chem. Phys. 47 1634 (1967)
  47. Ischenko A A, Schäfer L, Ewbank J D J. Mol. Struct. 376 157 (1996)
  48. Vilkov L V, Pentin Yu A Fizicheskie Metody Issledovaniya v Khimii. Strukturnye Metody i Opticheskaya Spektroskopiya (M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1987)
  49. Hargittai I Accurate Molecular Structures: Their Determination And Importance (Intern. Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography) Vol. 1 (Eds A Domenicano, I Hargittai) (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992); Khargittai I Molekulyarnye Struktury. Pretsizionnye Metody Issledovaniya (Gazovaya elektronorpafiya, Pod red. A Domenikano, I Khargittai) (M.: Mir, 1997) p. 123
  50. Hargittai I Stereochemical Applications Of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction Vol. (Eds I Hargittai, M Hargittai) A (New York: VCH, 1988) p. 1
  51. Karle I L, Karle J J. Chem. Phys. 17 1052 (1949)
  52. Bartell L S J. Chem. Phys. 23 1219 (1955)
  53. Bartell L S J. Mol. Struct. 84 117 (1982)
  54. Bartell L S Stereochemical Applications Of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction Vol. (Eds I Hargittai, M Hargittai) A (New York: VCH, 1988) p. 55
  55. Kuchitsu K, Bartell L S J. Chem. Phys. 35 1945 (1961)
  56. Kuchitsu K Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 40 498 (1967)
  57. Kuchitsu K Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 40 505 (1967)
  58. Kuchitsu K, Nakato M, Yamamoto S Stereochemical Applications Of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction Vol. (Eds I Hargittai, M Hargittai) A (New York: VCH, 1988) p. 227
  59. Spiridonov V P et al. Diffraction Studies On Non-crystalline Substances (Studies in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry) Vol. 13 (Eds I Hargittai, W J Orville-Thomas) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1981) p. 159
  60. Spiridonov V P, Ischenko A A, Ivashkevich L S J. Mol. Struct. 72 153 (1981)
  61. Spiridonov V P Stereochemical Applications Of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction Vol. A (Eds I Hargittai, M Hargittai) (New York: VCH, 1988) p. 265
  62. Spiridonov V P Adv. Mol. Struct. Res. 3 53 (1997)
  63. Spiridonov V P, Vogt N, Vogt J Struct. Chem. 12 349 (2001)
  64. Stuchebrukhov A A J. Mol. Struct. 178 261 (1988)
  65. Ischenko A A et al. J. Mol. Struct. 172 255 (1988)
  66. Ischenko A A, Tarasov Yu I, Spiridonov V P Struct. Chem. 1 217 (1990)
  67. Ischenko A A et al. J. Phys. Chem. 98 8673 (1994)
  68. Ishchenko A A Izv. Vuzov Khimiya i khim. tekhnol. 52 (8) 59 (2009)
  69. Ishchenko A A Izv. Vuzov Khimiya i khim. tekhnol. 52 (8) 62 (2009)
  70. Zewail A H (Ed.) Femtochemistry — Ultrafast Dynamics Of The Chemical Bond Vol. 1, 2 (Singapore: World Scientific, 1994)
  71. Zewail A H J. Phys. Chem. 100 12701 (1996)
  72. Zewail A H Les Prix Nobel: The Nobel Prizes 1999 (Ed. T Frängsmyr) (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell Intern., 2000)
  73. Zewail A H J. Phys. Chem. A 104 5660 (2000)
  74. Buchachenko A L Uspekhi Khimii 68 99 (1999); Buchachenko A L Russ. Chem. Rev. 68 85 (1999)
  75. Koke S et al. Nature Photon. 4 462 (2010)
  76. Baltuska A et al. Opt. Lett. 22 102 (1997)
  77. Baltuška A et al. Nature 421 611 (2003)
  78. Krausz F, Ivanov M Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163 (2009)
  79. Kienberger R et al. Nature 427 817 (2004)
  80. Mironov B N, Aseev S A, Minogin V G, Chekalin S V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 133 1155 (2008); Mironov B N, Aseev S A, Minogin V G, Chekalin S V JETP 106 1007 (2008)
  81. Hastings J B et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 184109 (2006)
  82. Zewail A H Science 328 187 (2010)
  83. Gliserin A et al. New J. Phys. 14 073055 (2012)
  84. Workshop on Ultrafast Electron Sources for Diffraction and Microscopy Applications UESDM-2012, December 12 - 14, 2012 Univ. of California, Los Angeles, USA
  85. Weber P M, Carpenter S D, Lucza T Proc. SPIE 2521 23 (1995)
  86. Kassier G H et al. J. Appl. Phys. 105 113111 (2009)
  87. Wang Y, Gedik N IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 18 140 (2012)
  88. Tokita S et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 215004 (2010)
  89. Gaponov A V, Miller M A Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34 242 (1958); Gaponov A V, Miller M A Sov. Phys. JETP 7 168 (1958)
  90. Andreev S N, Makarov V P, Rukhadze A A Kvantovaya 39 68 (2009); Andreev S N, Makarov V P, Rukhadze A A Quantum Electron. 39 68 (2009)
  91. Gekker I R Vzaimodeistvie Sil’nykh Elektromagnitnykh Polei s Plazmoi (M.: Atomizdat, 1978); Gekker I R The Interaction Of Strong Electromagnetic Fields With Plasmas (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982)
  92. Fedorov M V Elektron v Sil’nom Svetovom Pole (M.: Nauka, 1991)
  93. Aseev S A, Mironov B N, Minogin V G, Chekalin S V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 139 894 (2011); Aseyev S A, Mironov B N, Minogin V G, Chekalin S V JETP 112 780 (2011)
  94. Aseyev S A, Weber P M, Ischenko A A J. Analyt. Sci. Meth. Instrum. 3 30 (2013)
  95. Baum P, Zewail A H Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 18409 (2007)
  96. Aidelsburger M et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 19714 (2010)
  97. McCulloch A J et al. Nature Phys. 7 785 (2011)
  98. Itatani J et al. Nature 432 467 (2004)
  99. Ben-Nun M, Cao J, Wilson K J. Phys. Chem. A 101 8743 (1997)
  100. Fill E et al. New J. Phys. 8 272 (2006)
  101. Baum P, Zewail A H Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 16105 (2006)
  102. Baum P, Zewail A H Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 18409 (2007)
  103. Baum P, Zewail A H Chem. Phys. Lett. 366 2 (2009)
  104. Baum P, Manz J, Schild A Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 53 987 (2010)
  105. Hilbert S A et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 10558 (2009)
  106. Shao H-C, Starace A F Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 263201 (2010)
  107. Pauling L The Nature Of The Chemical Bond, And The Structure Of Molecules And Crystals; An Introduction To Modern Structural Chemistry (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1940); Pauling L Priroda Khimicheskoi Svyazi (M. - L.: Goskhimizdat, 1947)
  108. Hukkel E Z. Phys. 70 204 (1931)
  109. Pauling L, Wheland G W J. Chem. Phys. 1 362 (1933)
  110. Mark H, Wierl R Die Experimentellen Und Theoretischen Grundlagen Der Elektronenbeugung (Berlin:Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1931); Mark G, Virl’ R Difraktsiya Elektronov (L. - M.: Gos. tekhn.-teoretich. izd-vo, 1933)
  111. Hargittai I, Hargittai M (Eds) Stereochemical Applications Of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction Vol. A (New York: VCH, 1988)
  112. Zuo T, Bandrauk A D, Corcum P B Chem. Phys. Lett. 259 313 (1996)
  113. Lein M, Marangos J P, Knight P L Phys. Rev. A 66 051404(R) (2002)
  114. Spanner M et al. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37 L243 (2004)
  115. Yurchenko S N et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 223003 (2004)
  116. Gabor D Nature 161 777 (1948)
  117. Meckel M et al. Science 320 1478 (2008)
  118. Keldysh L V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47 1945 (1964); Keldysh L V Sov. Phys. JETP 20 1307 (1965)
  119. Popov V S Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 921 (2004); Popov V S Phys. Usp. 47 855 (2004)
  120. Zewail A H Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57 65 (2006)
  121. Billinge S J L, Levine I Science 316 561 (2007)
  122. Lobastov V A et al. Ultrafast Optics IV. Selected Contributions to the 4th Intern. Conf. on Ultrafast Optics, Vienna, Austria (Springer Series in Optical Sciences) Vol. 95 (Eds F Krausz et al.) (New York: Springer, 2004) p. 413
  123. Ruan C-Y et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 1123 (2004)
  124. Vigliotti F et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 2705 (2004)
  125. Sundaram S K, Mazur E Nature Mater. 1 217 (2002)
  126. Chen S, Seidel M T, Zewail A H Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 8854 (2005)
  127. Ruan C-Y, Yang D-S, Zewail A H J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 12797 (2004)
  128. Kitaigorodskii A I Molekulyarnye Kristally (M.: Nauka, 1971)
  129. Zanchet D et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 157 167 (2000)
  130. Cao J et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 1044 (2003)
  131. Siwick B J et al. Science 302 1382 (2003)
  132. Anderson S G et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8 014401 (2005)
  133. Outheusden T et al. J. Appl. Phys. 102 0943501 (2007)
  134. Hommelhoff P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 077401 (2006)
  135. Ruan C-Y et al. Microsc. Microanalysis 15 323 (2009)
  136. Raman R K et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 077401 (2008)
  137. Ruan C-Y et al. Nano Lett. 7 1290 (2007)
  138. Murdick R A et al. Phys. Rev. B 77 245329 (2008)
  139. Wang W, Lee T, Reed M A Rep. Prog. Phys. 68 523 (2005)
  140. Ischenko A A, Ewbank J D, Schäfer L J. Mol. Struct. 320 147 (1994)
  141. Kim T K et al. ChemPhysChem. 10 1958 (2009)
  142. Kim T W J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 3145 (2012)
  143. Ihee H et al. Science 309 1223 (2005)
  144. Ihee H et al. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 29 453 (2010)
  145. Debye P J. Chem. Phys. 9 55 (1941)
  146. Levesque J, Corkum P Can. J. Phys. 84 1 (2006)
  147. Wangler T P Principles Of RF Linear Accelerators (New York: Wiley, 1998) p. 190
  148. Li R K et al. J. Appl. Phys. 110 074512 (2011)
  149. Musumeci P, Moody J T, Scoby C M Ultramicroscopy 108 1450 (2008)
  150. Andonian G et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14 072802 (2011)
  151. Anisimov S I, Kapeliovich B L, Perel’man T L Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 66 776 (1974); Anisimov S I, Kapeliovich B L, Perel’man T L Sov. Phys. JETP 39 375 (1974)
  152. Brorson S D, Fujimoto J G, Ippen E P Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 1962 (1987)
  153. Allen P B Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 1460 (1987)
  154. Neutze R et al. Nature 406 752 (2000)
  155. Chapman H N et al. Nature Phys. 2 839 (2006)
  156. Bogan M J et al. Nano Lett. 8 310 (2008)
  157. Bogan M et al. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 194013 (2010)
  158. Yoon C H, Schwander P, Abergel C Opt. Express 17 16542 (2011)
  159. Ryu S, Stratt R M, Weber P M J. Phys. Chem. A 107 6622 (2003)
  160. Ryu S et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 108 1189 (2004)
  161. Ryu S, Weber P M, Stratt R M J. Chem. Phys. 112 1260 (2000)
  162. Williamson J C, Zewail A H J. Phys. Chem. 98 2766 (1994)
  163. Hoshina K et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 353 27 (2002)
  164. Hoshina K et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 353 33 (2002)
  165. Hoshina K et al. J. Chem. Phys. 118 6211 (2003)
  166. Spence J H C, Doak R B Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 198102 (2004)
  167. Zon B A, Katsnel’son B G Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 69 1166 (1975); Zon B A, Katsnel’son B G Sov. Phys. JETP 42 595 (1975)
  168. Friedrich B, Herschbach D R Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 4623 (1995)
  169. Stapelfeldt H, Seideman T Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 543 (2003)
  170. Villeneuve D M et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 542 (2000)
  171. Villeneuve D M et al. Appl. Phys. B 74 S157 (2002)
  172. Korobenko A, Milner A A, Milner V "Complete control, direct observation and study of molecular super rotors" arXiv:1304.0438
  173. Hensley C J, Yang J, Centurion M Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 133202 (2012)
  174. Reckenthaeler P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 213001 (2009)
  175. Thomassen H, Samdal S, Hedberg K J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114 2810 (1992)
  176. Grinolds M S et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 18427 (2006)
  177. Flannigan D J et al. Nano Lett. 9 875 (2009)
  178. Baskin J S, Park H S, Zewail A H Nano Lett. 11 2183 (2011)
  179. Frank J (Ed.) Electron Tomography: Methods For Three-Dimensional Visualization Of Structures In The Cell 2nd ed. (New York: Springer, 2006)
  180. Kwon O-H, Zewail A H Science 328 1668 (2010)
  181. Yurtsever A, van der Veen R M, Zewail A H Science 335 59 (2012)
  182. Hawkes P W, Kasper E Principles Of Electron Optics: Wave Optics Vol. 1 - 3 (San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1996)
  183. Hawkes P W Biol. Cell 93 432 (2001)
  184. Minogin V G Ann. Physics 327 823 (2012)
  185. Porter G Science 160 1299 (1968); Porter Dzh Uspekhi Khimii 39 919 (1970)
  186. Demtröder W Laser Spectroscopy Vol. 1, 2 (Berlin: Springer, 2008)
  187. Yardley J T Introduction To Molecular Energy Transfer (New York: Academic Press, 1980)
  188. Flynn G W, Parmenter C S, Wodtke A M J. Phys. Chem. 100 12817 (1996)
  189. Bagratashvili V N, Letokhov V S, Makarov A A, Ryabov E A Multiple Photon Infrared Laser Photophysics And Photochemistry (Chur: Harwood Acad. Publ., 1985)
  190. Akhmanov S A, Gordienko V M, Mikheenko A V, Panchenko V Ya Pis’ma ZhETF 26 603 (1977); Akhmanov S A, Gordienko V M, Mikheenko A V, Panchenko V Ya JETP Lett. 26 453 (1977)
  191. Nesbitt D J, Field R W J. Phys. Chem. 100 12735 (1996)
  192. Letokhov V S (Ed.) Laser Spectroscopy Of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules (Bristol: A. Hilger, 1989)
  193. Bagratashvili V N i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 30 502 (1979); Bagratashvili V N et al. JETP Lett. 30 471 (1979)
  194. Makarov A A, Malinovskii A L, Ryabov E A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 182 1047 (2012); Makarov A A, Malinovsky A L, Ryabov E A Phys. Usp. 55 977 (2012)
  195. Li Y L et al. J. Org. Chem. 67 4228 (2002)
  196. Biswas N, Umapathy S J. Chem. Phys. 107 7849 (1997)
  197. Kukura P et al. Science 310 1006 (2005)
  198. Mizutani Y, Kitagawa T Science 278 443 (1997)
  199. Schreier W J et al. Science 315 625 (2007)
  200. Williams S O, Imre D G J. Phys. Chem. 92 3363 (1988)
  201. Asplund M C, Zanni M T, Hochstrasser R M Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 8219 (2000)
  202. Zheng J R et al. Science 313 1951 (2006)
  203. Cho M Chem. Rev. 108 1331 (2008)
  204. Aksenov V L i dr. Kristallogr. 51 971 (2006); Aksenov V L et al. Crystallogr. Rep. 51 908 (2006)
  205. Fetisov G V Sinkhrotronnoe Izluchenie. Metody Issledovaniya Struktury Veshchestv (M.: Fizmatlit, 2007)
  206. Bressler C, Chergui M Chem. Rev. 104 1781 (2004)
  207. Kim T K et al. Chem. Phys. Chem. 10 1958 (2009)
  208. Ihee H et al. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 29 453 (2010)
  209. Chen L X Angew. Chem. 116 2946 (2004)
  210. Chen L X Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 2886 (2004)
  211. Bressler C, Abela R, Chergui M Z. Kristallogr. 223 307 (2008)
  212. Chen L X et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 9616 (2007)
  213. Gawelda W et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 057401 (2007)
  214. Khalil M et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 110 38 (2006)
  215. Gawelda W et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 5001 (2006)
  216. Pham V T et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 1530 (2007)
  217. Chen L X et al. Science 92 262 (2001)
  218. European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Annual Report 2012 (Ed.-in-Chief M Altarelli) (Hamburg: European XFEL GmbH, 2012); www.xfel.eu/documents/annual_reports/
  219. Coppens P Chem. Commun. (12) 1317 (2003)
  220. Coppens P et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 5980 (2004)
  221. Ihee H Acc. Chem. Res. 42 356 (2009)
  222. Ihee H et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 7145 (2005)
  223. Kim C D et al. Acta Cryst. A 58 133 (2002)
  224. Techert S, Schotte F, Wulff M Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2030 (2001)
  225. Schotte F et al. Science 300 1944 (2003)
  226. Tomita A et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 2612 (2009)
  227. Srajer V et al. Science 274 1726 (1996)
  228. Collet E et al. Science 300 612 (2003)
  229. Cavalleri A et al. Nature 442 664 (2006)
  230. Lee S H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 246104 (2005)
  231. Lindenberg A M et al. Science 308 392 (2005)
  232. Gaffney K J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 125701 (2005)
  233. Cavalleri A L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 114801 (2005)
  234. Fritz D M et al. Science 315 633 (2007)
  235. Kim J et al. Acta Crystallogr. 66 270 (2010)
  236. Zavoiskii E K, Fanchenko S D Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 100 661 (1955)
  237. Zavoiskii E K., Fanchenko S D Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 108 218 (1956)
  238. Zavoisky E K, Fanchenko S D Appl. Opt. 4 1155 (1965)
  239. Butslov M M, Stepanov B M, Fanchenko S D Elektronno-opticheskie Preobrazovateli i Ikh Primenenie v Nauchnykh Issledovaniyakh (M.: Nauka, 1978)
  240. Fanchenko C D Trudy 14 Mezhd. kongressa po vysokoskorostnoi fotografii i fotonike (M.: VNIIOFI, 1980) p. 26
  241. Courtney-Pratt J S Research 2 287 (1949)
  242. Courtney-Pratt J S J. Photographic Sci. B 1 21 (1953)
  243. Courtney-Pratt J S Photographic J. B 92 137 (1952)
  244. Butslov M M Uspekhi Nauchnoi Fotografii (6) 76 (1959)
  245. Fanchenko S D Pribory Tekhnika Eksperimenta (1) 5 (1961)
  246. Prokhorov A M Vestnik RAN 73 483 (2003); Prokhorov A M Herald Russ. Acad. Sci. 73 249 (2003)
  247. Ivanov V S i dr. Optiko-elektronnye Izmereniya (M.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2005)
  248. Shchelev M Ya Kvantovaya Elektronika 41 577 (2011); Schelev M Ya Quantum Electron. 41 577 (2011)
  249. Shchelev M Ya Kvantovaya Elektronika 37 927 (2007); Schelev M Ya Quantum Electron. 37 927 (2007)
  250. Shchelev M Ya Kvantovaya Elektronika 33 609 (2003); Schelev M Ya Quantum Electron. 33 609 (2003)
  251. Schelev M Ya et al. Aspects Of Streak Image Tube Photography (Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics) Vol. 180 (Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2013)
  252. Prokhorov A M i dr. Kvantovaya Elektronika 32 283 (2002); Prokhorov A M et al. Quantum Electron. 32 283 (2002)
  253. Monastyrski M A et al. Proc. SPIE 4948 305 (2003)
  254. Vartak S D, Lawandy N M Opt. Commun. 120 184 (1995)
  255. Shchelev M Ya Usp. Fiz. Nauk 170 1002 (2000); Schelev M Ya Phys. Usp. 43 931 (2000)
  256. Kaplan A E Nature 431 633 (2004)
  257. Kaplan A E Opt. Photon. News 17 (2) 28 (2006)
  258. Zewail A Nature 412 279 (2001)
  259. Degtyareva V P et al. Proc. SPIE 4948 281 (2002)
  260. Degtyareva V P et al. Proc. SPIE 5580 416 (2005)
  261. Andreev S et al. Proc. SPIE 6279 70 (2007)
  262. Degtyareva V P, Monastyrskii M A, Shchelev M Ya Ishchenko A A, Girichev G V, Tarasov Yu I. Difraktsiya Elektronov: Struktura i Dinamika Svobodnykh Molekul i Kondensirovannogo Sostoyaniya Veshchestva (M.: Fizmatlit, 2013) p. 499, Gl. 11
  263. Hansen P et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 083501 (2012)
  264. Fortov V E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 653 (2009); Fortov V E Phys. Usp. 52 615 (2009)
  265. Zewail A H Acta Crystallogr. A 66 135 (2010)
  266. Zewail A, Zewail M Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 108 (2013)
  267. Alidzhanov E K i dr. Vestnik Orenburgskogo Gos. Un-ta (12) 150 (2007)
  268. Aseev S A i dr. Kvantovaya Elektronika 43 308 (2013); Aseyev S A et al. Quantum Electron. 43 308 (2013)
  269. Grams M P et al. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 39 930 (2006)
  270. Ishchenko A A, Fetisov G V, Aslanov L A Nanokremnii: Cvoistva, Poluchenie, Primenenie, Metody Issledovaniya i Kontrolya (M.: Fizmatlit, 2011); Ischenko A A, Fetisov G V, Aslanov L A Nanosilicon: Properties, Synthesis, Applications, Methods Of Analysis And Control (Cambridge: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2014)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions