Issues

 / 

2013

 / 

June

  

From the history of physics


Low temperature spectroscopy of organic molecules in solid matrices: from the Shpolsky effect to the laser luminescent spectromicroscopy for all effectively emitting single molecules

 a, b
a Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Fizicheskaya 5, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation
b Moscow State Pedagogical University, M. Pirogovskay, 1, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation

Sixty years ago, in 1952, Prof. E V Shpolsky and his colleagues were the first to see quasilinear spectra from complex organic compounds in specially selected solvents at low temperatures. Twenty years later, in 1972, the team headed by Prof. R I Personov discovered laser fluorescence line narrowing in the solid solutions of organic dyes. These two discoveries served as the basis for the field of laser selective spectroscopy of impurity centers in solids. The work in this field culminated in the techniques of spectroscopy and luminescence imaging (microscopy) of single molecules in condensed matter. Today, optical spectroscopy of impurity centers in solid solutions has become one of the most popular tools for solving a wide variety of interdisciplinary problems in physics, physical chemistry, optics and spectroscopy, biophysics, quantum optics, and nanotechnology. In this particle, the development of this field is briefly reviewed, potentials of the developed methods are discussed, and some research results are highlighted.

Fulltext pdf (2.4 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0183.201306f.0633
PACS: 42.30.−d, 42.62.−b, 61.43.−j, 61.72.−y, 78.20.−e, 78.47.−p, 78.55.−m (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0183.201306f.0633
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2013/6/e/
000324296600005
2013PhyU...56..605N
Citation: Naumov A V "Low temperature spectroscopy of organic molecules in solid matrices: from the Shpolsky effect to the laser luminescent spectromicroscopy for all effectively emitting single molecules" Phys. Usp. 56 605–622 (2013)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 15th, September 2012, revised: 10th, March 2013, 9th, October 2012

Оригинал: Наумов А В «Спектроскопия органических молекул в твёрдых матрицах при низких температурах: от эффекта Шпольского к лазерной люминесцентной спектромикроскопии всех эффективно излучающих одиночных молекул» УФН 183 633–652 (2013); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0183.201306f.0633

E.V. Shpol’skii and R.I. Personov are authors of Physics-Uspekhi

References (142) ↓ Cited by (98) Similar articles (7)

  1. Orrit M, Bernard J, Personov R I J. Phys. Chem. 97 10256 (1993)
  2. Sh’?’?’?ьс’?’?’? ’e ’E, ’R’?ь’?’?’? ’B ’B, ’F’?’?’?’?’?’? ’’ ’B Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 87 935 (1952)
  3. Sh’?’?’?ьс’?’?’? ’e ’E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 77 321 (1962); Shpol’skii E V Sov. Phys. Usp. 5 522 (1962)
  4. ’i’?’?’?’?’? ’F ’F ’e’?’?’?’?’?т’?р’?’?ya т’?’?р’?ya ’?’?’?’?’?’?т’?’?ь’?’?’? стру’?туры с’?’?’?тр’?’? ’?р’?’?’?с’?ыkh ts’?’?тр’?’? ’?р’?ст’?’?’?’?’? (’a.: ’v’?у’?’?, 1968); Rebane K K Impurity Spectra Of Solids. Elementary Theory Of Vibrational Structure (New York: Plenum Press, 1970)
  5. ’z’?рс’?’?’?’? ’i ’R, ’B’?ьsh’?ts ’M ’R, ’Gы’?’?’?с’?’?ya ’’ ’B ’z’?сь’?’? Zh’e’n’s 15 609 (1972); Personov R I, Al’shitz E I, Bykovskaya L A JETP Lett. 15 431 (1972)
  6. Kharlamov B M, Personov R I, Bykovskaya L A Opt. Commun. 12 191 (1974)
  7. ’I’?р’?kh’?’?с’?’?’? ’B ’B, ’F’?’?р’?’? ’i ’F, ’i’?’?’?’?’? ’’ ’B ’z’?сь’?’? Zh’e’n’s 20 474 (1974); Gorokhovskii A A, Kaarli R K, Rebane L A JETP Lett. 20 216 (1974)
  8. Moerner W E, Kador L Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 2535 (1989)
  9. Orrit M, Bernard J Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 2716 (1990)
  10. Agranovich V M, Hochstrasser R M (Eds) Spectroscopy And Excitation Dynamics Of Condensed Molecular Systems (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1983); ’B’?р’?’?’?’?’?ch ’E ’a, Kh’?khshтр’?сс’?р ’i ’a (’i’?’?.) ’l’?’?’?тр’?с’?’?’?’?ya ’? ’?’?’?’?’?’?’?’? ’?’?’?’?уzh’?’?’?’?’? ’? ’?’?’?’?’?’?с’?р’?’?’?’?’?ыkh ’?’?’?’?’?у’?yaр’?ыkh с’?ст’?’?’?kh (’a.: ’v’?у’?’?, 1987)
  11. Gooijer C, Ariese F, Hofstraat J W Shpol’skii Spectroscopy And Other Site Selection Methods : Applications In Environmental Analysis, Bioanalytical Chemistry, And Chemical Physics (Chemical Analysis, Vol. 156) (New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2000)
  12. ’nр’?ф’?’?’?’? ’M ’K Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 147 826 (1962); Trifonov E D Sov. Phys. Dokl. 7 1105 (1963)
  13. Silsbee R H Phys. Rev. 128 1726 (1962)
  14. ’i’?’?’?’?’? ’F ’F, Kh’?zh’?ya’?’?’? ’E ’E ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 14 362 (1963); Rebane K K, Khizhnyakov V V Opt. Spectrosc. 14 193 (1963)
  15. ’i’?’?’?’?’? ’F ’F Usp. Fiz. Nauk 143 487 (1984); Rebane K K Sov. Phys. Usp. 27 541 (1984)
  16. Rebane K K J. Luminescence 100 219 (2002)
  17. Maradudin A A Solid State Phys. 18 273 (1966); ’a’?р’?’?у’?’?’? ’B "’d’?т’?ch’?с’?’?’? ’?’?’?’?’?’?’? эфф’?’?т’? ’a’?сс’?’?уэр’?" ’K’?ф’?’?ты ’? ’?’?’?’?’?’?т’?’?ь’?ы’? с’?’?’?тр ’?р’?ст’?’?’?’?’?. ’n’?’?р’?т’?ch’?с’?’?’? ’? э’?с’?’?р’?’?’?’?т’?’?ь’?ы’? ’?с’?’?’?ты ’?’?’?ya’?’?ya т’?ch’?ch’?ыkh ’?’?ф’?’?т’?’? ’? ’?’?у’?’?рya’?’?ch’?’?’?’?ст’?’? ’?’? ’?’?’?’?’?’?’?’?ya ’?р’?ст’?’?’?’?’? (’a.: ’a’?р, 1968), ’I’?. VIII
  18. Sapozhnikov M N Phys. Status Solidi B 75 11 (1976)
  19. ’K’?’?’?с’?’? Yu ’E, ’F’?’?’?’?ь ’E ’B ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 23 472 (1967); Denisov Yu V, Kizel V A Opt. Spectrosc. 23 251 (1967)
  20. ’z’?рс’?’?’?’? ’i ’R, ’l’?’?’?’?у’?’?’? ’E ’E ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 23 (4) 590 (1967); Personov R I, Solodunov V V Opt. Spectrosc. 23 317 (1967)
  21. ’F’?’?’?’?ь ’E ’B, ’l’?’?’?zh’?’?’?’?’? ’a ’v Fiz. Tverd. Tela 12 2083 (1970)
  22. McCumber D E, Sturge M D J. Appl. Phys. 34 1682 (1963)
  23. ’Fр’?’?’?’?’?’?’? ’a ’B Fiz. Tverd. Tela 6 1707 (1964); Krivoglaz M A Sov. Phys. Solid State 6 1340 (1964)
  24. Szabo A Phys. Rev. Lett. 25 924 (1970)
  25. Volker S Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 40 499 (1989)
  26. Henderson B Contemp. Phys. 43 273 (2002)
  27. Norris D J et al. Phys. Rev. B 53 16347 (1996)
  28. Drobizhev M A et al. Chem. Phys. 211 455 (1996)
  29. Feofilov S P et al. Phys. Rev. B 54 R3690 (1996)
  30. Shibata Y, Kurita A, Kushida T J. Chem. Phys. 104 4396 (1996)
  31. Berlin Yu et al. Phys. Life Rev. 3 262 (2006)
  32. Wu H-M et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 101 7654 (1997)
  33. Ariese F, Bader A N, Gooijer C TrAC Trends Analyt. Chem. 27 127 (2008)
  34. ’F’?’?’?’?’?’?’?’? ’p Kh, ’v’?’?’?’?’?р’?’? ’E ’i Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 15 313 (1963); Kopvillem U Kh, Nagibarov V R Phys. Met. Metallogr. 15 313 (1963)
  35. Kurnit N A, Abella I D, Hartmann S R Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 567 (1964)
  36. ’a’?’?ы’?’?’? ’e ’B, ’l’?’?’?рts’?’? ’E ’E ’d’?т’?ch’?с’?’?ya эkh’?-с’?’?’?тр’?с’?’?’?’?ya (’a.: ’v’?у’?’?, 1984)
  37. ’M’?с’?’?’? ’R ’E, ’iу’?ts’?’?’? ’v ’v, ’l’?’?’?рts’?’? ’E ’E ’F’?’?’?р’?’?т’?ы’? ’?’?р’?kh’?’?’?ы’? ’?р’?ts’?ссы ’? ’?’?т’?’?’? (’a.: ’s’?’?’?’?т’?’?т, 2010)
  38. Phillips W A (Ed.) Amorphous Solids: Low-Temperature Properties (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1981)
  39. Esquinazi P (Ed.) Tunneling Systems In Amorphous And Crystalline Solids (Berlin: Springer, 1998)
  40. Basché T et al. (Eds) Single-Molecule Optical Detection, Imaging And Spectroscopy (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1996)
  41. Plakhotnik T, Donley E A, Wild U P Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 48 181 (1997)
  42. Moerner W E, Orrit M Science 283 1670 (1999)
  43. Xie X S, Trautman J K Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 49 441 (1998)
  44. ’dс’?’?ь’?’? ’R ’l ’l’?’?’?’?т’?’?’?’?ya с’?’?’?тр’?с’?’?’?’?ya ’?’?’?’?’?ch’?ыkh ’?’?’?’?’?у’? (’a.: ’s’?’?’?’?т’?’?т, 2000); Osad’ko I S Selective Spectroscopy Of Single Molecules (Berlin: Springer, 2003)
  45. Barkai E, Jung Y, Silbey R Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 55 457 (2004)
  46. Kulzer F, Orrit M Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 55 585 (2004)
  47. ’v’?у’?’?’? ’B ’E, ’E’?’?’?’?р Yu ’I Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 322 (2009); Naumov A V, Vainer Yu G Phys. Usp. 52 298 (2009)
  48. Orrit M, Moerner W E Physics And Chemistry At Low Temperatures (Ed. L Khriachtchev) (Singapore: Pan Stanford Publ., 2011) p. 381
  49. Hettich C et al. Science 298 385 (2002)
  50. Rezus Y L A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 093601 (2012)
  51. Jasny J et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67 1425 (1996)
  52. Güttler F et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 217 393 (1994)
  53. van Oijen A M et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 292 183 (1998)
  54. Rust M J, Bates M, Zhuang X Nature Methods 3 793 (2006)
  55. Hell S W Science 316 1153 (2007)
  56. Habuchi S, Onda S, Vacha M Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 1743 (2011)
  57. Pavani S R P et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 2995 (2009)
  58. Pavani S R P, Piestun R Opt. Express 16 22048 (2008)
  59. Naumov A V et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 1734 (2011)
  60. Eremchev I Yu, Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Kador L Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 1843 (2011)
  61. Parker C A Photoluminescence Of Solutions. With Applications To Photochemistry And Analytical Chemistry (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1968)
  62. Sh’?’?’?ьс’?’?’? ’e ’E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 80 255 (1963); Shpol’skii E V Sov. Phys. Usp. 6 411 (1963)
  63. ’z’?рс’?’?’?’? ’i ’R ’? ’?р. Fiz. Tverd. Tela 13 2653 (1971); Personov R I et al. Sov. Phys. Solid State 13 2224 (1972)
  64. ’G’?’?’?т’?’?’?’?’?’? ’n ’v ’? ’?р. ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 53 823 (1982); Bolotnikova T N et al. Opt. Spectrosc. 53 491 (1982)
  65. ’G’?’?’?т’?’?’?’?’?’? ’n ’v, ’v’?рс’?с’?’?’? ’I ’v, ’e’?’?’?’?ур’? ’s ’’ Zh. Fiz. Khim. 57 2615 (1983)
  66. ’I’?ст’?’?’?’?’?ch ’M ’B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 161 (7) 83 (1991); Gastilovich E A Sov. Phys. Usp. 34 592 (1991)
  67. ’R’?’?’?’?’? ’R ’M, ’v’?у’?’?’?’? ’n ’a ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 67 105 (1989); Ivanov I E, Naumova T M Opt. Spectrosc. 67 58 (1989)
  68. ’v’?рс’?с’?’?’? ’I ’v ’? ’?р. ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 54 635 (1983); Nersesova G N et al. Opt. Spectrosc. 54 376 (1983)
  69. ’v’?’?’?т’?’?’? ’B ’v, ’E’?с’?’?ь’?’?’? ’R ’B ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 59 108 (1985); Nikitina A N, Vasileva I A Opt. Spectrosc. 59 63 (1985)
  70. ’Bр’?’?’?’? ’l ’a ’? ’?р. Zh. Priklad. Spektrosk. 40 (1) 92 (1984); Arabei S M et al. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 40 73 (1984)
  71. ’v’?у’?’?’?’? ’v ’’, ’E’?с’?’?ь’?’?’? ’R ’B, ’dс’?’?ь’?’? ’R ’l, ’v’?у’?’?’? ’B ’E ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 98 585 (2005); Naumova N L, Vasil’eva I A, Osad’ko I S, Naumov A V Opt. Spectrosc. 98 535 (2005)
  72. Brus L E, Bondybey V E J. Chem. Phys. 63 3123 (1975)
  73. Yang H-S et al. J. Luminescence 83 - 84 139 (1999)
  74. Korotaev O N et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 110 533 (1984)
  75. ’F’?р’?т’?’?’? ’d ’v, Yuрch’?’?’?’? ’B ’R, ’F’?р’?’?’? ’E ’z ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 61 756 (1986); Korotaev O N, Yurchenko A I, Karpov V P Opt. Spectrosc. 61 474 (1986)
  76. Al’shits E I, Kharlamov B M, Ulitsky N I J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9 950 (1992)
  77. ’l’?’?’?’?р’?’? ’M ’z ’? ’?р. ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 84 47 (1998); Snegirev E P et al. Opt. Spectrosc. 84 40 (1998)
  78. Ulitsky N I et al. Spectrochim. Acta A 55 2015 (1999)
  79. ’p’?’?ts’?’?’? ’v ’R, ’l’?’?’?’?р’?’? ’M ’z, ’z’?рс’?’?’?’? ’i ’R ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 92 931 (2002); Ulitskii N I, Snegirev E P, Personov R I Opt. Spectrosc. 92 859 (2002)
  80. Jankowiak R, Small G J Science 237 618 (1987)
  81. ’dс’?’?ь’?’? ’R ’l Fiz. Tverd. Tela 13 1178 (1971); Osad’ko I S Sov. Phys. Solid State 13 974 (1971)
  82. ’dс’?’?ь’?’? ’R ’l Fiz. Tverd. Tela 14 2927 (1972); Osad’ko I S Sov. Phys. Solid State 14 2522 (1973)
  83. ’dс’?’?ь’?’? ’R ’l Fiz. Tverd. Tela 17 3180 (1975); Osad’ko I S Sov. Phys. Solid State 17 2098 (1975)
  84. Kanematsu Y, Ahn J S, Kushida T J. Luminescence 53 235 (1992)
  85. Vainer Yu G, Kol’chenko M A, Naumov A V, Personov R I, Zilker S J J. Luminescence 86 265 (2000)
  86. Anderson P W, Halperin B I, Varma C M Philos. Mag. 25 (1) 1 (1972)
  87. Phillips W A J. Low Temp. Phys. 7 351 (1972)
  88. Klauder J R, Anderson P W Phys. Rev. 125 912 (1962)
  89. Hsu D, Skinner J L J. Chem. Phys. 81 5471 (1984)
  90. Hsu D, Skinner J L J. Chem. Phys. 83 2097 (1985)
  91. Hsu D, Skinner J L J. Chem. Phys. 83 2107 (1985)
  92. Hsu D, Skinner J L J. Chem. Phys. 87 54 (1987)
  93. ’G’?’?ы’?’?’? ’E ’R ’? ’?р. ’z’?сь’?’? Zh’e’n’s 26 492 (1977); Balykin V I et al. JETP Lett. 26 357 (1977)
  94. Hirschfeld T Appl. Opt. 15 2965 (1976)
  95. Myers A B et al. J. Phys. Chem. 98 10377 (1994)
  96. ’dс’?’?ь’?’? ’R ’l ’s’?у’?ту’?руyushch’?ya ф’?у’?р’?сts’?’?ts’?ya ’?’?’?’?ch’?ст’?ts (’a.: ’s’?’?’?’?т’?’?т, 2011)
  97. Riley E A, Hess C M, Reid P J Int. J. Mol. Sci. 13 12487 (2012)
  98. ’E’?туkh’?’?’?с’?’?’? ’B ’I ’? ’?р. ’z’?сь’?’? Zh’e’n’s 96 18 (2012); Vitukhnovskii A G et al. JETP Lett. 96 17 (2012)
  99. Orlov S V, Naumov A V, Vainer Yu G, Kador L J. Chem. Phys. 137 194903 (2012)
  100. Osad’ko I S, Fedyanin V V J. Chem. Phys. 130 064904 (2009)
  101. Osad’ko I S, Fedyanin V V Phys. Rev. A 83 063841 (2011)
  102. Osad’ko I S, Naumov A V, Eremchev I Yu, Vainer Yu G, Kador L Phys. Rev. A 86 053802 (2012)
  103. Fleury L et al. J. Luminescence 56 15 (1993)
  104. Geva E, Skinner J L J. Phys. Chem. B 101 8920 (1997)
  105. Ambrose W P, Moerner W E Nature 349 225 (1991)
  106. Ambrose W P, Basché Th, Moerner W E J. Chem. Phys. 95 7150 (1991)
  107. ’E’?’?’?’?р Yu ’I, ’v’?у’?’?’? ’B ’E, Bauer M, Kador L ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 94 926 (2003); Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Bauer M, Kador L Opt. Spectrosc. 94 864 (2003)
  108. Kummer S et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107 7673 (1997)
  109. Mais S et al. Chem. Phys. 247 41 (1999)
  110. Naumov A V et al. Phys. Status Solidi B 241 3487 (2004)
  111. Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Bauer M, Kador L J. Chem. Phys. 122 244705 (2005)
  112. Bauer M, Kador L, Naumov A V, Vainer Yu G J. Chem. Phys. 119 3836 (2003)
  113. Donley E A, Plakhotnik T J. Chem. Phys. 113 9294 (2000)
  114. Plakhotnik T, Donley E A, Kharlamov B M Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 015504 (2001)
  115. Naumov A V et al. Phys. Rev. B 63 212302 (2001)
  116. Barkai E, Naumov A V, Vainer Yu G, Bauer M, Kador L Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 075502 (2003)
  117. Barkai E, Silbey R, Zumofen G Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5339 (2000)
  118. Naumov A V, Vainer Yu G, Kador L Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 145501 (2007)
  119. Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Bauer M, Kador L J. Luminescence 127 213 (2007)
  120. Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Bauer M, Kador L Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 185501 (2006)
  121. Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Kador L Phys. Rev. B 77 224202 (2008)
  122. Bauer M, Kador L J. Luminescence 98 75 (2002)
  123. Bauer M, Kador L J. Chem. Phys. 120 10278 (2004)
  124. Bauer M, Kador L Chem. Phys. Lett. 407 450 (2005)
  125. Brunel Ch et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 103 2429 (1999)
  126. Orrit M et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 196 595 (1992)
  127. Schuster J, Cichos F, von Borczyskowski C ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 98 778 (2005); Schuster J, Cichos F, von Borczyskowski C Opt. Spectrosc. 98 712 (2005)
  128. ’E’?’?’?’?р Yu ’I, ’v’?у’?’?’? ’B ’E, Bauer M, Kador L, Barkai E ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 98 806 (2005); Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V, Bauer M, Kador L, Barkai E Opt. Spectrosc. 98 740 (2005)
  129. ’E’?’?’?’?р Yu ’I, ’v’?у’?’?’? ’B ’E ’d’?т’?’?’? с’?’?’?тр’?с’?. 98 814 (2005); Vainer Yu G, Naumov A V Opt. Spectrosc. 98 747 (2005)
  130. ’E’?’?’?’?р Yu ’I Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 679 (2004); Vainer Yu G Phys. Usp. 47 623 (2004)
  131. Novotny L, Hecht B Principles Of Nano-Optics (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006); ’v’?’?’?т’?ы’? ’’, Kh’?khт ’G ’dс’?’?’?ы ’?’?’?’?’?’?т’?’?’? (’a.: ’s’?’?’?’?т’?’?т, 2009)
  132. Habuchi S, Oba T, Vacha M Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 7001 (2011)
  133. Wolter S et al. J. Microscopy 237 12 (2010)
  134. RapidSTORM, http://www.super-resolution.biozentrum.uniwuerzburg.de/home/rapidstorm/, (an open source evaluation tool for fast and highly configurable data processing for single-molecule localization microscopy, Univ. Wurzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Institute for Biosciences, Chair of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Last update — 2012
  135. ’v’?у’?’?’? ’B ’E "’l’?’?’?тр’?с’?’?’?’?ya ’?’?’?’?’?ch’?ыkh ’?’?’?’?’?у’? ’?’?’? ’?’?т’?’? ’?сс’?’?’?’?’?’?’?’?ya ’?’?’?’?’?т’?’?’?’?р’?тур’?’?’? ’?’?’?’?’?’?’?’? ’?’?у’?’?рya’?’?ch’?’?’?ыkh т’?’?р’?’?т’?’?ь’?ыkh ср’?’?" ’K’?сс. ... ’?’?’?т. ф’?’?.-’?’?т. ’?’?у’? (’nр’?’?ts’?: ’R’?-т с’?’?’?тр’?с’?’?’?’?’? ’i’B’v, 2009)
  136. Naumov A V et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 9747 (2009)
  137. Gorshelev A A et al. ChemPhysChem 11 182 (2010)
  138. Abbe E Archiv Mikrosk. Anatomie 9 (1) 413 (1873)
  139. Abbe E Nature Photon. 3 361 (2009)
  140. ’G’?’?’?т’?’?’?’?’?’? ’n ’v Usp. Fiz. Nauk 162 (11) 183 (1992); Bolotnikova T N Phys. Usp. 35 991 (1992)
  141. York D G et al. Astron. J. 120 1579 (2000)
  142. Graham M J et al. Distributed Parallel Databases 30 371 (2012)

© 1918–2026 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions