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P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute — 75 years
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Toroidal ordering in crystals
Yu.V. Kopaev
Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Phase transitions to ordered states, which correspond to the toroidal family of multipoles known in electrodynamics, are discussed. The ordering of toroidal moments may either occur simultaneously with their formation (as in superconductivity) or may follow it (at lower temperatures). In addition to
electrodynamic toroidal moments corresponding to either poloidal charge currents or a spin configuration, a toroidal state corresponding to poloidal spin currents is possible.
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