Yu.Ya. Stavissky Frank Neutron Physics Laboratory, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
A brief review is given of the 1952-1988 research at the A I Leipunsky Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (Obninsk) on the use of nuclear fission chain reactions in developing space vehicles and their on-board power systems. The research was carried out on the initiative of the USSR Academy of Sciences Corresponding Member D I Blokhintsev, Head of the Institute, and enlisted the active support of Academician S P Korolev.