RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 11, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2005

 / 

January

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Selective processes of IR excitation and dissociation of molecules in gasdynamically cooled jets and flows


Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Fizicheskaya 5, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation

Research into the selective excitation and dissociation of molecules by intense IR laser radiation in gasdynamically cooled jets and flows is reviewed. Methods for and results of studying the spectral and energy characteristics of molecular excitation and dissociation are described. It is shown that vibrational and rotational temperatures, together with collision processes, have a pronounced effect on the formation of spectral structures and on the selectivity of dissociation. Diode laser spectroscopic data on the dynamics of the molecular excitation from individual rotational sublevels of the ground vibrational state are presented. Molecular excitation models for lower vibrational transitions are discussed and related problems are considered. Experimental and theoretical findings are compared and their discrepancies are analyzed. The isotopically selective dissociation of molecules under low-temperature and low gas concentration conditions is discussed, the related problems are identified, and methods for their solution are considered. Results on how the main dissociation characteristics — selectivity and dissociation yield — vary with the laser radiation and gas flow parameters are presented. Methods for improving dissociation efficiency are described, and optimal conditions for high selectivity and dissociation yield are pointed out.

Fulltext pdf (626 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU2005v048n01ABEH001901
PACS: 33.80.−b, 42.62.Fi, 82.40.Fp, 82.50.Bc (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU2005v048n01ABEH001901
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2005/1/b/
000229079600002
2005PhyU...48...37M
Citation: Makarov G N "Selective processes of IR excitation and dissociation of molecules in gasdynamically cooled jets and flows" Phys. Usp. 48 37–76 (2005)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Макаров Г Н «Селективные процессы ИК-возбуждения и диссоциации молекул в газодинамически охлажденных струях и потоках» УФН 175 41–84 (2005); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0175.200501b.0041

References (234) ↓ Cited by (47) Similar articles (20)

  1. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 20 597 (1974)
  2. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 21 375 (1975)
  3. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 69 1956 (1975)
  4. Letokhov V S, Mur S V Kvantovaya Elektron. 248, 485 (1976)
  5. Karlov N V, Prokhorov A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 118 583 (1976); Karlov N V, Prokhorov A M Sov. Phys. Usp. 19 285 (1976)
  6. Ambartzumian R V, Letokhov V S "Multiple photon infrared laser photochemistry" In Chemical And Biochemical Applications Of Lasers Vol. 3 (Ed. C B Moore) (New York: Academic Press, 1977) p. 167
  7. Bloembergen N, Yablonovitch E Phys. Today 31 (5) 23 (1978)
  8. Schulz P A et al. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 30 379 (1979)
  9. Alimpiev S S i dr. Lazernoe Razdelenie Izotopov (M.: VINITI, 1981)
  10. Letokhov V S Nelineinye Selektivnye Fotoprotsessy v Atomakh i Molekulakh (M.: Nauka, 1983)
  11. Steinfel’d Dzh (Red.) Indutsiruemye Lazerom Khimicheskie Protsessy (M.: Mir, 1984)
  12. Bagratashvili V N et al. Multiple Photon Infrared Laser Photophysics And Photochemistry (Chur: Harwood Acad. Publ., 1985)
  13. Molin Yu N, Panfilov V N, Petrov A K Infrakrasnaya Fotokhimiya (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985)
  14. Cantrell C D (Ed.) Multiple-Photon Excitation And Dissociation Of Polyatomic Molecules (Topics in Current Physics, Vol. 35) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986)
  15. Lyman J L In Laser Spectroscopy And Its Applications (Optical Engineering, Vol. 11, Eds L J Radziemski, R W Solarz, J A Paisner) (New York: M. Dekker, 1987) p. 417
  16. Letokhov V S, Ryabov E A "Mnogofotonnaya izotopicheskiselektivnaya IK dissotsiatsiya molekul" Izotopy : Svoistva, Poluchenie, Primenenie (Pod red. V Yu Baranova) (M.: IzdAT, 2000) p. 329
  17. Baranov V Yu i dr. "Razdelenie izotopov ugleroda metodom IK MFD molekul" v Sb. Sbornik Dokladov 2-i Vseross. Nauchnoi Konf. "Fiziko-khimicheskie Protsessy pri Selektsii Atomov i Molekul", Zvenigorod, 1997 (Pod red. V Yu Baranova, Yu A Kolesnikova) (M.: TsNIIatominform, 1997) p. 21
  18. Baranov V Yu, Dyad’kin A P "Lazernoe razdelenie izotopov ugleroda" v Sb. Izotopy: Svoistva, Poluchenie, Primenenie (Pod red. V Yu Baranova) (M.: IzdAT, 2000) p. 343
  19. Baranov V Y et al. Proc. SPIE 4165 314 (2000)
  20. Dyad’kin A P i dr. "Optimizatsiya tekhnologicheskogo protsessa lazernogo razdeleniya izotopov ugleroda" v Sb. Sbornik Dokl. VIII Vseross. (Mezhdunarodnoi) Nauchnoi Konf. "Fiziko-khimicheskie Protsessy pri Selektsii Atomov i Molekul", Zvenigorod, 2003 (Pod red. Yu A Kolesnikova) (M.: TsNIIatominform, 2003) p. 121
  21. Letokhov V S, Ryabov E A "Laser isotope separation" In The Optics Encyclopedia. Basic Foundations And Practical Applications Vol. 2 (Eds Th G Brown et al.) (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2004) p. 1015
  22. Anderson J B "Molecular beams from nozzle sources" In Molecular Beams And Low Density Gasdynamics (Gasdynamics, Vol. 4, Ed. P P Wegener) (New York: M. Dekker, 1974)
  23. Miller D R "Free jet sources" In Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988)
  24. Jensen R J et al. Laser Focus 12 (5) 51 (1976)
  25. Levy D H, Wharton L, Smalley R E In Chemical And Biochemical Applications Of Lasers Vol. 2 (Ed. C B Moore) (New York: Academic Press, 1977) p. 1
  26. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Appl. Phys. B 28 367 (1982)
  27. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 84 15 (1983)
  28. Radloff W, Stert V, Ritze H H Appl. Phys. B 38 179 (1985)
  29. Borsella E et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 93 523 (1982)
  30. Alimpiev S S i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 10 562 (1983)
  31. Bassi D et al. Laser Chem. 5 143 (1985)
  32. Apatin V M, Lokhman V N, Makarov G N Optika Spektrosk. 63 762 (1987)
  33. Makarov G N et al. Appl. Phys. B 65 583 (1997)
  34. Makarov G N, Lokhman V N, Ronander E Optika Spektrosk. 83 232 (1997)
  35. Scoles G (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988)
  36. Scoles G (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 2 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)
  37. Kuritsyn Yu A et al. Chem. Phys. 122 97 (1988)
  38. Bagratashvili V N, Ionov S I, Makarov G N In Laser Spectroscopy Of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules (Ed. V S Letokhov) (Bristol: A. Hilger, 1989)
  39. Grant E R et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 52 595 (1977)
  40. Sudbø Aa S et al. J. Chem. Phys. 70 912 (1979)
  41. Sudbo Aa S et al. J. Chem. Phys. 68 1306 (1978)
  42. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Kvantovaya Elektron. 10 1435 (1983)
  43. Borsella E et al. Nuovo Cimento D 4 548 (1984)
  44. del Bello U et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 114 467 (1985)
  45. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Appl. Phys. B 30 207 (1983)
  46. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Kvantovaya Elektron. 10 1308 (1983)
  47. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Kvantovaya Elektron. 9 1668 (1982)
  48. Apatin V M, Bezuglova T V, Makarov G N Opt. Commun. 42 255 (1982)
  49. Apatin V M, Lokhman V N, Makarov G N Laser Chem. 5 (4) 231 (1985)
  50. Letokhov V S In Laser Spectroscopy Of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules (Ed. V S Letokhov) (Bristol: A. Hilger, 1989)
  51. Kuritsyn Yu A i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94 (11) 65 (1988)
  52. Makarov G N Diss. ... dokt. fiz.-mat. nauk (Troitsk: ISAN, 1989)
  53. Puretskii A A Diss. ... dokt. fiz.-mat. nauk (Moskva: IKhFAN, 1987)
  54. Letokhov V S, Makarov A A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 134 45 (1981); Letokhov V S, Makarov A A Sov. Phys. Usp. 24 366 (1981)
  55. Lee I-R et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 104 10595 (2000)
  56. Windhorn L et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 357 85 (2002)
  57. Windhorn L et al. J. Chem. Phys. 119 641 (2003)
  58. Robinson P, Kholbruk K Monomolekulyarnye Reaktsii (M.: Mir, 1975)
  59. Eyring H, Lin S H, Lin S M Basic Chemical Kinetics (New York: Wiley, 1980)
  60. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 23 26 (1976)
  61. Larsen D M, Bloembergen N Opt. Commun. 17 254 (1976)
  62. Larsen D M Opt. Commun. 19 404 (1976)
  63. Isenor N R et al. Can. J. Phys. 51 1281 (1973)
  64. Akulin V M i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 69 836 (1975)
  65. Bloembergen N Opt. Commun. 15 416 (1975)
  66. Letokhov V S, Makarov A A Opt. Commun. 17 250 (1976)
  67. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 71 440 (1976)
  68. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 23 217 (1976)
  69. Ambartzumian R V et al. Opt. Commun. 18 517 (1976)
  70. Akulin V M i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 25 428 (1977)
  71. Shuryak E V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 71 2039 (1976)
  72. Grant E R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 115 (1978)
  73. Schulz P A et al. J. Chem. Phys. 72 4985 (1980)
  74. Fuss W, Kompa K L Prog. Quantum Electron. 7 117 (1981)
  75. Bagratashvili V N i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 44 450 (1986)
  76. Ionov S I et al. Appl. Phys. B 47 229 (1988)
  77. Bagratashvili V N i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 93 1188 (1987)
  78. Bagratashvili V N et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 146 599 (1988)
  79. Nitzan A, Jortner J Chem. Phys. Lett. 60 1 (1978)
  80. Nitzan A, Jortner J J. Chem. Phys. 71 3524 (1979)
  81. Ambartsumyan R V, Makarov G N, Puretskii A A Pis’ma ZhETF 28 696 (1978)
  82. Karny Z et al. Chem. Phys. 37 15 (1979)
  83. Hudgens J W et al. J. Chem. Phys. 70 5906 (1979)
  84. Makarov A A v Kn. Lazernaya Spektroskopiya Kolebatel’no-vozbuzhdennykh Molekul (Otv. red. V S Letokhov) (M.: Nauka, 1990)
  85. Bagratashvili V N et al. Chem. Phys. 97 13 (1985)
  86. Makarov A A, Tyakht V V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 83 502 (1982)
  87. Kay K G J. Chem. Phys. 75 1690 (1981)
  88. Platonenko V T Kvantovaya Elektron. 5 1783 (1978)
  89. Quack M J. Mol. Struct. 292 171 (1993)
  90. Nesbitt D J, Field R W J. Phys. Chem. 100 12735 (1996)
  91. Malinovsky A L et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 102 9353 (1998)
  92. Gruebele M Adv. Chem. Phys. 114 193 (2000)
  93. Bagratashvili V N i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 30 502 (1979)
  94. Knuth E L J. Chem. Phys. 107 9125 (1997)
  95. Gentry W R, Giese C F Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49 595 (1978)
  96. Gentry W R Comments Atom. Mol. Phys. IX 113 (1980)
  97. Gentry W R "Low-energy pulsed beam sources" In Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988)
  98. Bassi D In Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988)
  99. Zen M In Atomic And Molecular Beam Methods Vol. 1 (Ed. G Scoles) (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988)
  100. Makarov G N Usp. Fiz. Nauk 173 913 (2003); Makarov G N Phys. Usp. 46 889 (2003)
  101. Makarov G N Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 225 (2004); Makarov G N Phys. Usp. 47 217 (2004)
  102. Apatin V M et al. Appl. Phys. B 29 273 (1982)
  103. Ambartzumian R V et al. Appl. Phys. 22 409 (1980)
  104. Ambartzumian R V, Makarov G N, Puretzky A A Opt. Commun. 34 81 (1980)
  105. Gallagher R J, Fenn J B J. Chem. Phys. 60 3487 (1974)
  106. Makarov A A et al. Appl. Phys. 23 391 (1980)
  107. Kompa K L et al. J. Chem. Phys. 84 2020 (1986)
  108. Ambartzumian R V et al. Opt. Commun. 25 69 (1978)
  109. Ambartsumyan R V, Makarov G N, Puretskii A A Pis’ma ZhETF 28 246 (1978)
  110. Purezky A A, Tyakht V V In Laser Spectroscopy Of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules (Ed. V S Letokhov) (Bristol: A. Hilger, 1989)
  111. Evseev A V, Puretzky A A, Tyakht V V Laser Chem. 8 (2 - 4) 137 (1988)
  112. Alimpiev S S i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 12 434 (1985)
  113. Quick C R (Jr), Wittig C Chem. Phys. Lett. 48 420 (1977)
  114. Alimpiev S S Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Fiz. 45 1070 (1981)
  115. Alimpiev S S i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 10 376 (1983)
  116. Okada Y et al. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 31 130 (1994)
  117. Bagratashvili V N et al. Opt. Commun. 18 525 (1976)
  118. Ham D O, Rothschild M Opt. Lett. 1 28 (1977)
  119. Deutsch T F Opt. Lett. 1 25 (1977)
  120. Lyman J L et al. Opt. Lett. 3 238 (1978)
  121. Lyman J L et al. Chem. Phys. 45 325 (1980)
  122. Judd O P J. Chem. Phys. 71 4515 (1979)
  123. Lyman J L, Quigley G P, Judd O P In Multiple-Photon Excitation And Dissociation Of Polyatomic Molecules (Topics in Current Physics, Vol. 35, Ed. C D Cantrell) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986)
  124. Alimpiev S S et al. Opt. Commun. 26 45 (1978)
  125. Alimpiev S S i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 30 279 (1979)
  126. Alimpiev S S et al. Opt. Commun. 31 309 (1979)
  127. Pine A S, Robiette A G J. Mol. Spectrosc. 80 388 (1980)
  128. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 1219 (1986)
  129. Apatin V M, Makarov G N Pis’ma ZhETF 38 120 (1983)
  130. Bagratashvili V N et al. Laser Chem. 1 (3) 133 (1983)
  131. Boriev I A et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 105 555 (1984)
  132. Bagratashvili V N, Ionov S I, Makarov G N v Kn. Lazernaya Spektroskopiya Kolebatel’no-vozbuzhdennykh Molekul (Otv. red. V S Letokhov) (M.: Nauka, 1990)
  133. Apatin V M et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 127 438 (1986)
  134. Bagratashvili V N, Dolzhikov V S, Letokhov V S Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 76 18 (1979)
  135. Bagratashvili V N i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 80 1008 (1981)
  136. McDowell R S et al. Spectrochim. Acta A 42 351 (1986)
  137. Akhmanov A S et al. Opt. Commun. 23 357 (1977)
  138. Black J G et al. Phys. Rev. A 19 704 (1979)
  139. Kolodner P, Winterfeld C, Yablonovitch E Opt. Commun. 20 119 (1977)
  140. Baranov V Yu i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 6 1062 (1979)
  141. Alimpiev S S i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 6 2597 (1979)
  142. Borsella E et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 101 86 (1983)
  143. Dilonardo M, Capitelli M, Cantrell C D Chem. Phys. 101 337 (1986)
  144. Alimpiev S S, Sartakov B G Laser Chem. 12 (3 - 4) 147 (1992)
  145. Karlov N V v sb. Primenenie lazerov v atomnoi, molekulyarnoi i yadernoi fizike: Trudy I Vsesoyuz. shkoly, Vil’nyus, 21 – 31 avgusta 1978 g. (M.: Nauka, 1979)
  146. Borsella E et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 87 284 (1982)
  147. Jensen C C et al. Opt. Commun. 20 275 (1977)
  148. Patterson C W, Krohn B J, Pine A S Opt. Lett. 6 39 (1981)
  149. Patterson C W, Krohn B J, Pine A S J. Mol. Spectrosc. 88 133 (1981)
  150. Letokhov V S, Chebotaev V P Printsipy Nelineinoi Lazernoi Spektroskopii (M.: Nauka, 1975)
  151. Makarov G N Kvantovaya Elektron. 13 1801 (1986)
  152. Thiart C J H et al. NO J. (South Africa) 9 31 (1993)
  153. Moulton P F et al. Opt. Lett. 1 51 (1977)
  154. Dubs M et al. J. Chem. Phys. 77 3824 (1982)
  155. Patterson C W, Pine A S Opt. Commun. 44 170 (1983)
  156. Okada Y et al. Appl. Phys. B 59 475 (1994)
  157. Harzer R, Schweizer G, Selter K J. Mol. Spectrosc. 132 310 (1988)
  158. Byer R L IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 12 732 (1976)
  159. Midorikawa K et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 1033 (1985)
  160. Alimpiev S S i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 38 349 (1983)
  161. Apatin V M i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 37 365 (1983)
  162. Apatin V M et al. Opt. Commun. 47 251 (1983)
  163. Kuritsyn Yu A et al. Laser Chem. 8 151 (1988)
  164. Kuritsyn Yu A i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 16 1664 (1989)
  165. Kuritsyn Yu A i dr. Optika Spektrosk. 69 543 (1990)
  166. Kuritsyn Yu A et al. Appl. Phys. B 53 58 (1991)
  167. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 22 96 (1975)
  168. Alimpiev S S i dr. Pis’ma ZhETF 25 582 (1977)
  169. Knyazev I N, Letokhov V S, Lobko V V Opt. Commun. 25 337 (1978)
  170. Cantrell C D, Galbraith H W Opt. Commun. 18 513 (1976)
  171. Cantrell C D, Galbraith H W Opt. Commun. 21 374 (1977)
  172. Gertsberg G Kolebatel’nye i Vrashchatel’nye Spektry Mnogoatomnykh Molekul (M.: IL, 1949)
  173. Akulin V M i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 74 490 (1978)
  174. Hodgkinson D P et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 90 230 (1982)
  175. Hodgkinson D P, Taylor A J Opt. Commun. 50 214 (1984)
  176. Tosa V et al. Appl. Phys. B 36 55 (1985)
  177. Rak I Diss. ... kand. fiz.-mat. nauk (Troitsk: ISAN, 1989)
  178. Davarashvili O I i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 17 1077 (1990)
  179. Kunets A V et al. Opt. Commun. 84 37 (1991)
  180. Steinfel’d Dzh, Khouston P v Kn. Lazernaya i Kogerentnaya Spektroskopiya (Pod red. Dzh Steinfel’da) (M.: Mir, 1982)
  181. Makarov A A, Tyakht V V Opt. Commun. 54 270 (1985)
  182. Bobin B et al. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 121 91 (1987)
  183. Patterson C W et al. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 108 31 (1984)
  184. Makarov G N i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 25 545 (1998)
  185. Makarov G N i dr. Khim. Fiz. 18 (3) 71 (1999)
  186. Makarov G N Pis’ma ZhTF 24 (12) 35 (1998)
  187. Bittenson S, Houston P L J. Chem. Phys. 67 4819 (1977)
  188. Drouin M et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 60 16 (1978)
  189. Bagratashvili V N i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 77 2238 (1979)
  190. Gauthier M, Hackett P A, Willis C Chem. Phys. 45 39 (1980)
  191. Bagratashvili V N et al. Appl. Phys. 20 231 (1979)
  192. Weulersse J M, Genier R Appl. Phys. 24 363 (1981)
  193. Gurvich L V i dr. Energii Razryva Khimicheskikh Svyazei. Potentsialy Ionizatsii i Srodstvo k Elektronu (Otv. red. V N Kondrat’ev) (M.: Nauka, 1974)
  194. Abdushelishvili G I i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 9 743 (1982)
  195. Fuss W Spectrochim. Acta A 38 829 (1982)
  196. Makarov G N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 108 404 (1995)
  197. Veiblen D G v Kn. Ftor i Ego Soedineniya Vol. 2 (Pod red. Dzh Saimonsa) (M.: IL, 1956) p. 431, Gl. 7
  198. Takahachi M et al. Appl. Phys. B 41 91 (1986)
  199. Makarov G N, Petin A N Khimiya Vysokikh Energii 34 (6) 440 (2000)
  200. Gower M C, Billman K W Opt. Commun. 20 123 (1977)
  201. del Bello U et al. Appl. Phys. B 42 147 (1987)
  202. Brunner F, Proch D J. Chem. Phys. 68 4936 (1978)
  203. Levin I W, Berney C V J. Chem. Phys. 44 2557 (1966)
  204. Christe K O et al. Spectrochim. Acta. A 32 1141 (1976)
  205. Baldacchini G, Marchetti S, Montelatici V J. Mol. Spectrosc. 91 80 (1982)
  206. Dem’yanenko A V et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 320 594 (2000)
  207. Lokhman V N et al. Z. Phys. Chem. 215 1469 (2001)
  208. Lokhman V N et al. Chem. Phys. 286 385 (2003)
  209. Lokhman V N, Ogurok D D, Ryabov E A Chem. Phys. 271 357 (2001)
  210. Tiee J J, Wittig C Appl. Phys. Lett. 30 420 (1977)
  211. Baranov V Yu i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 23 782 (1996)
  212. Baranov V Yu i dr. "Lazerno-iolekulyarnoe razdelenie izotopov urana" v Kn. Izotopy: Svoistva, Poluchenie, Primenenie (Pod red. V Yu Baranova) (M.: IzdAT, 2000)
  213. Alimpiev S S i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 6 2155 (1979)
  214. Rabinowitz P et al. Opt. Lett. 7 212 (1982)
  215. Rabinowitz P, Kaldor A, Gnauck A Appl. Phys. B 28 187 (1982)
  216. Takeuchi K et al. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 23 282 (1986)
  217. Kato S et al. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 26 256 (1989)
  218. Kato S et al. in Intern. Symp. Advanced Nuclear Energy Recearch. Near-Future Chemistry in Nuclear Energy Field: Proc., February 15 – 16, 1989, Ibaraki, Japan (Tokyo: The Institute, 1989) p. 53
  219. Takeuchi K et al. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 26 301 (1989)
  220. Makarov G N, Petin A N Kvantovaya Elektron. 30 738 (2000)
  221. Makarov G N, Petin A N Pis’ma ZhETF 71 583 (2000)
  222. Makarov G N, Petin A N Chem. Phys. Lett. 323 345 (2000)
  223. Makarov G N, Petin A N Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 119 5 (2001)
  224. Makarov G N, Petin A N Chem. Phys. 266 125 (2001)
  225. Apatin V M i dr. Optika Spektrosk. 91 910 (2001)
  226. Makarov G N, Petin A N Khimiya Vysokikh Energii 36 472 (2002)
  227. Makarov G N, Mochalov S A, Petin A N Kvantovaya Elektron. 31 263 (2001)
  228. Landau L D, Lifshits E M Gidrodinamika (M.: Nauka, 1986)
  229. Zel’dovich Ya B, Raizer Yu P Fizika Udarnykh Voln i Vysokotemperaturnykh Gidrodinamicheskikh Yavlenii (M.: Nauka, 1966)
  230. Abramovich G N Prikladnaya Gazovaya Dinamika Vol. 1 (M.: Nauka, 1991)
  231. Makarov G N, Malinovsky D E, Ogurok D D Laser Chem. 17 205 (1998)
  232. Makarov G N, Malinovskii D E, Ogurok D D Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69 (1) 35 (1999)
  233. Velikhov E P i dr. Impul’snye SO2-lazery i Ikh Primenenie dlya Razdeleniya Izotopov (M.: Nauka, 1983)
  234. Ambartsumyan R V i dr. Kvantovaya Elektron. 4 171 (1977)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions