This review outlines the principles of operation of quantum computers and their elements. The theory of ideal computers that do not interact with the environment and are immune to quantum decohering processes is presented. Decohering processes in quantum computers are investigated. The review considers methods for correcting quantum computing errors arising from the decoherence of the state of the quantum computer, as well as possible methods for the suppression of the decohering processes. A brief enumeration of proposed quantum computer realizations concludes the review.

PACS: 03.65.Yz, 03.67.−a, 03.67.Lx (all) DOI: 10.1070/PU2005v048n01ABEH002024 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2005/1/a/ 000229079600001 2005PhyU...48....1V Citation: Valiev K A "Quantum computers and quantum computations" Phys. Usp. 48 1–36 (2005) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Оригинал: Валиев К А «Квантовые компьютеры и квантовые вычисления» УФН 175 3–39 (2005); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0175.200501a.0003