RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2003

 / 

April

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Search for black holes


Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shternberg State Astronomical Institute, Universitetskii prosp. 13, Moscow, 119889, Russian Federation

Methods and results of searching for stellar mass black holes in binary systems and for supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei of different types are described. As of now (June 2002), a total of 100 black hole candidates are known. All the necessary conditions Einstein’s General Relativity imposes on the observational properties of black holes are satisfied for candidate objects available, thus further assuring the existence of black holes in the Universe. Prospects for obtaining sufficient criteria for reliably distinguishing candidate black holes from real black holes are discussed.

Fulltext pdf (1.5 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU2003v046n04ABEH001282
PACS: 04.70.−s, 97.60.Lf, 98.35.Jk (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU2003v046n04ABEH001282
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2003/4/a/
000184349400001
Citation: Cherepashchuk A M "Search for black holes" Phys. Usp. 46 335–371 (2003)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Черепащук А М «Поиски черных дыр» УФН 173 345–384 (2003); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0173.200304a.0345

References (452) ↓ Cited by (48) Similar articles (20)

  1. Wheeler J A Am. Sci. 56 1 (1968)
  2. Ginzburg V L O Fizike i Astrofizike (On Physics and Astrophysics) 3rd ed. (Moscow: Byuro Kvantum, 1995) p. 111 [Translated into English: The Physics of a Lifetime: Reflections of the Problems and Personalities of 20th Century Physics (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2001) p. 103]
  3. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 419 (1999) [Phys. Usp. 42 353 (1999)]
  4. Novikov I D, Frolov V P Usp. Fiz. Nauk 171 307 (2001) [Phys. Usp. 44 291 (2001)]
  5. Novikov I D, Frolov V P Fizika Chernykh Dyr (Physics of Black Holes, Moscow: Nauka, 1986) p. 88 [Translated into English (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad., 1989)]
  6. Shapiro S L, Teukolsky S A Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars: the Physics of Compact Objects (New York: Wiley, 1983) [Translated into Russian: Vol. 2 (Moscow: Mir, 1985) p. 357]
  7. Zel’dovich Ya B, Novikov I D Relyativistskaya Astrofizika (Relativistic Astrophysics, Moscow: Nauka, 1967) p. 286 [Translated into English (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1971)]
  8. Thorne K S, Price R H, Macdonald D A (Eds) Black Holes: The Membrane Paradigm (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986)
  9. Zel’dovich Ya B Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 155 67 (1964) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 9 195 (1964)]
  10. Salpeter E E Astrophys. J. 140 796 (1964)
  11. Novikov I D, Zeldovich Ya B Nuovo Cimento Suppl. 4 810 (1966)
  12. Zeldovich Ya B, Guseynov O H Astrophys. J. 144 840 (1966)
  13. Trimble V L, Thorne K S Astrophys. J. 156 1013 (1969)
  14. Shakura N I Astron. Zh. 49 921 (1972) [Sov. Astron. 16 756 (1973)]
  15. Shakura N I, Sunyaev R A Astron. Astrophys. 24 337 (1973)
  16. Pringle J E, Rees M J Astron. Astrophys. 21 1 (1972)
  17. Novikov I D, Thorne K S, in Black Holes (Eds C DeWitt, B S DeWitt, New York: Gordon and Breach, 1973) p. 343
  18. Forman W C et al. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 38 357 (1978)
  19. Webster N L, Murdin P Nature 235 37 (1972)
  20. Cherepashchuk A M et al. Inform. Bull. Var. Stars (720) 1 (1972)
  21. Bahcall J N, Bahcall N A Astrophys. J. 178 L1 (1972)
  22. Lyutyi V M, Syunyaev R A, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 50 3 (1973) [Sov. Astron. 17 1 (1973)]
  23. Lyutyi V M, Syunyaev R A, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 51 1150 (1974) [Sov. Astron. 18 684 (1975)]
  24. Goncharskii A V, Romanov S Yu, Cherepashchuk A M Konechnoparametricheskie Obratnye Zadachi Astrofiziki (Finite-parametric Inverse Problems in Astrophysics, Moscow: Izd. MGU, 1991) p. 99
  25. Bisikalo D V et al. Astron. Zh. 74 880 (1997) [Astron. Rep. 41 786 (1997)]
  26. Bisikalo D V et al. Astron. Zh. 74 889 (1997) [Astron. Rep. 41 794 (1997)]
  27. Bisikalo D V et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 300 39 (1998)
  28. Bisikalo D V et al. Astron. Zh. 75 40 (1998) [Astron. Rep. 42 33 (1998)]
  29. Khruzina T S et al. Astron. Zh. 78 625 (2001) [Astron. Rep. 45 538 (2001)]
  30. Molteni D et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 327 1103 (2001)
  31. Rees M J, in The Galactic Center (AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 83, Eds G R Riegler, R D Blandford, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1982) p. 166
  32. Begelman M C Nature 322 614 (1986)
  33. Abramowicz M A et al. Astrophys. J. 332 646 (1988)
  34. Narayan R, Yi I Astrophys. J. 452 710 (1995)
  35. Narayan R Astrophys. J. 462 136 (1996)
  36. Narayan R, McClintock J E, Yi I Astrophys. J. 457 821 (1996)
  37. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, Lovelace R V E Astrophys. J. 486 L43 (1997)
  38. Blandford R D, Begelman M C Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 303 L1 (1999)
  39. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, Lovelace R V E New Astron. Rev. 45 663 (2001)
  40. Merloni A, Fabian A C Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 332 165 (2002)
  41. Zel’dovich Ya B, Novikov I D Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 158 811 (1964)
  42. Lynden-Bell D Nature 223 690 (1969)
  43. Rees M J Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22 471 (1984)
  44. Dibai E A Astron. Zh. 57 677 (1980) [Sov. Astron. 24 389 (1980)]
  45. Blandford R D, Rees M J, in Testing the AGN Paradigm: Proc. of the 2nd Annual Topical Astrophysics Conf., College Park, MD, Oct. 14 – 16, 1991 (AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 254, Eds S S Holt, S G Neff, C M Urry, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1992) p. 3
  46. Chakrabarti S K (Ed.) Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe (Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, Vol. 234, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1999)
  47. Block D I et al. (Eds) Toward a New Millennium in Galaxy Morphology: Proc. of an Intern. Conf., Midrand, South Africa, Sept. 13 – 18, 1999 (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2000)
  48. Kaper L, van den Heuvel E P J, Woudt P A (Eds) Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation: Proc. of the ESO Workshop, Garching, Germany, 6 – 8 Sept. 1999, in Honour of Riccardo Giacconi (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Berlin: Springer, 2001)
  49. Cherepashchuk A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 166 809 (1996) [Phys. Usp. 39 759 (1996)]
  50. Ho L, in Observational Evidence for the Black Holes in the Universe (Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, Vol. 234, Ed. S K Chakrabarti, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1999) p. 157
  51. Charles P, in Theory of Black Hole Accretion Disks (Eds M A Abramowicz, G Björnsson, J E Pringle, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998) p. 1
  52. Novikov I D, in Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology: Proc. of the Spanish Relativity Meeting, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Sept. 4 – 7, 1995 (Eds J Buitrago, E Mediavilla, A Oscoz, Singapore: World Scientific, 1997) p. 51
  53. Cherepashchuk A M Space Sci. Rev. 93 473 (2000)
  54. Srinivasan G, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 45
  55. Hawking S W Nature 248 30 (1974)
  56. Colbert E J M, Mushotzky R F Astrophys. J. 519 89 (1999)
  57. Taniguchi Y et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 52 533 (2000)
  58. Mouri H, Taniguchi Y Astrophys. J. Lett. 566 L17 (2002)
  59. Larson R B Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 332 155 (2002)
  60. Weisskopf M C Chandra News (8) 1 (2001)
  61. Roberts T P et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 325 L7 (2001)
  62. Gebhardt K et al. Astron. J. 119 1268 (2000)
  63. Bennett D P et al. Astrophys. J. 579 639 (2002); astro-ph/0109467
  64. Mao S et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 329 349 (2002)
  65. Dibai E A Astron. Zh. 61 417 (1984) [Sov. Astron. 28 245 (1984)]
  66. Dibai E A Astron. Zh. 61 209 (1984) [Sov. Astron. 28 123 (1984)]
  67. Woltjer L Astrophys. J. 130 38 (1959)
  68. Ghez A M et al. Astrophys. J. 509 678 (1998)
  69. Kormendy J, Richstone D Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 33 581 (1995)
  70. Fromerth M J, Melia F Astrophys. J. 549 205 (2001)
  71. Shklovskii I S Astron. Zh. 42 893 (1965) [Sov. Astron. 9 683 (1966)]
  72. Bahcall J N, Kozlovsky B-Z Astrophys. J. 155 1077 (1969)
  73. Dibai E A, Pronik V I Astron. Zh. 44 952 (1967) [Sov. Astron. 11 767 (1968)]
  74. Bahcall J N, Kozlovsky B-Z, Salpeter E E Astrophys. J. 171 467 (1972)
  75. Blandford R D, McKee C F Astrophys. J. 255 419 (1982)
  76. Antokhin I I, Bochkarev N G Astron. Zh. 60 448 (1983) [Sov. Astron. 27 261 (1983)]
  77. Lyutyi V M, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Cirk. (633) 3 (1971)
  78. Lyutyi V M, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Cirk. (688) 1 (1972)
  79. Cherepashchuk A M, Lyutyi V M Astrophys. Lett. 13 165 (1973)
  80. Lyutyi V M, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Cirk. (831) 1 (1974)
  81. Lyutyi V M, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 63 897 (1986) [Sov. Astron. 30 532 (1986)]
  82. Koratkar A P, Gaskell C M Astrophys. J. Suppl. 75 719 (1991)
  83. Peterson B M, Wandel A Astrophys. J. 521 L95 (1999)
  84. Tohline J E, Osterbrock D E Astrophys. J. 210 L117 (1976)
  85. Phillips M M Astrophys. J. Suppl. 38 187 (1978)
  86. Ulrich M H et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 206 221 (1984)
  87. Peterson B M et al. Astrophys. J. 501 82 (1998)
  88. Wandel A, Peterson B M, Malkan M A Astrophys. J. 526 579 (1999)
  89. Peterson B M, Wandel A Astrophys. J. 540 L13 (2000)
  90. Morales R, Fabian A C Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 329 209 (2002)
  91. Filippenko A V et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 109 461 (1997)
  92. Antokhina E A, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 71 420 (1994) [Astron. Rep. 38 367 (1994)]
  93. Cherepashchuk A M, in Dvoinye Zvezdy (Binary Stars, Ed. A G Masevich, Moscow: Kosmoinform, 1997) p. 45
  94. Remillard R A, McClintock J E, Bailyn C D Astrophys. J. Lett. 399 L145 (1992)
  95. Antokhina E A, Cherepashchuk A M Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 19 500 (1993) [Astron. Lett. 19 194 (1993)]
  96. Avni Y, Bahcall J N Astrophys. J. 192 L139 (1974)
  97. Avni Y, Bahcall J N Astrophys. J. 197 675 (1975)
  98. Bochkarev N G, Shakura N I Astron. Cirk. (853) 1 (1975)
  99. Bochkarev N G, Karitskaya E A, Shakura N I Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 1 (12) 13 (1975) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 1 237 (1975)]
  100. Bochkarev N G, Karitskaya E A, Shakura N I Astron. Zh. 56 16 (1979) [Sov. Astron. 23 8 (1979)]
  101. Bochkarev N G, Karitskaya E A Astron. Zh. 60 727 (1983)
  102. Shahbaz T J. Astrophys. Astron. 20 197 (1999)
  103. Casares J, Charles P A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 271 L5 (1994)
  104. Wade R A, Horne K Astrophys. J. 324 411 (1988)
  105. Martin A C et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 274 L46 (1995)
  106. Paczynsky B Astron. Astrophys. 34 161 (1974)
  107. Khruzina T S Astron. Zh. 62 356 (1985) [Sov. Astron. 29 205 (1985)]
  108. Sokolov V V Astron. Zh. 64 803 (1987) [Sov. Astron. 31 419 (1987)]
  109. Smith D A, Dhillon V S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 301 767 (1998)
  110. Bochkarev N G et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 5 185 (1979) [Sov. Astron. 5 99 (1979)]
  111. Antokhina E A, Cherepashchuk A M Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 23 889 (1997) [Astron. Lett. 23 773 (1997)]
  112. Shahbaz T Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 298 153 (1998)
  113. Antokhina E A, Cherepashchuk A M, Shimanskii V V Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. (2003, in press)
  114. Titarchuk L, Osherovich V Astrophys. J. 542 L111 (2000)
  115. White N Nature 407 146 (2000)
  116. Kardashev N S, Kreisman B B, Ponomarev Yu N Tr. Fiz. Inst. Ross. Akad. Nauk 228 3 (2000)
  117. Junor W, Biretta J A, Livio M Nature 401 891 (1999)
  118. Tanaka Y et al. Nature 375 659 (1995)
  119. Nandra K et al. Astrophys. J. 477 602 (1997)
  120. Wilms J et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 328 L27 (2001)
  121. Terashima Y, Wilson A S Astrophys. J. 583 145 (2003)
  122. Krolik J H Active Galactic Nuclei: from the Central Black Hole to the Galactic Environment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1999)
  123. Mulchaey J S, Wilson A S, Tsvetanov Z Astrophys. J. 467 197 (1996)
  124. Malkan M A, Gorjian V, Tam R Astrophys. J. Suppl. 117 25 (1998)
  125. Yaqoob T et al. Astrophys. J. 546 759 (2001)
  126. Wang J-X, Wang T-G, Zhou Y-Y Astrophys. J. 549 891 (2001)
  127. Baganoff F K et al. Nature 413 45 (2001)
  128. Grupe D, Gliozzi M Astron. Astrophys. (2003, in press)
  129. Grupe D, Thomas H-C, Leighly K M Astron. Astrophys. 350 L31 (1999)
  130. Brandt W N, Pounds K A, Fink H Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 273 L47 (1995)
  131. Grupe D et al. Astron. Astrophys. 299 L5 (1995)
  132. Grupe D et al. Astron. Astrophys. 300 L21 (1995)
  133. Komossa S, Fink H, in Accretion Disks: New Aspects. Proc. of the EARA Workshop, Garching, Germany, 21 – 23 Oct. 1996 (Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 487, Eds E Meyer-Hofmeister, H Spruit, Berlin: Springer, 1997) p. 250
  134. Komossa S, in JENAM-2001: Astronomy with Large Telescopes from Ground and Space (Reviews in Modern Astronomy, Vol. 15, Ed. R E Schielicke, Berlin: Wiley-VCH, 2002) p. 27
  135. Komossa S, Bade N Astron. Astrophys. 343 775 (1999)
  136. Komossa S, Greiner J Astron. Astrophys. 349 L45 (1999)
  137. Rees M J Science 247 817 (1990)
  138. Frank J, Rees M J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 176 633 (1976)
  139. Khokhlov A, Novikov I D, Pethick C J Astrophys. J. 418 181 (1993)
  140. Ivanov P B, Novikov I D Astrophys. J. 549 467 (2001)
  141. Alexander T, Livio M Astrophys. J. 560 L143 (2001)
  142. Oda M Space Sci. Rev. 20 757 (1977)
  143. Shwartsman V F Astron. Zh. 48 479 (1971) [Sov. Astron. 15 377 (1971)]
  144. Syunyaev R A Astron. Zh. 49 1153 (1972) [Sov. Astron. 16 941 (1973)]
  145. Ebisawa K et al. Astrophys. J. 467 419 (1996)
  146. Vorontsov-Vel’yaminov B A Vnegalakticheskaya Astronomiya (Extragalactic Astronomy) 2nd ed. (Moscow: Nauka, 1978) p. 24, 160, 237 [Translated into English (Chur: Harwood Acad. Publ., 1987)]
  147. Martynov D Ya (Ed.) Aktivnye Yadra i Zvezdnaya Kosmogoniya (Active Niclei and Stellar Cosmogony, Moscow: Izd. MGU, 1987)
  148. Ho L C et al. Astrophys. J. 549 L51 (2001)
  149. Fitch W S, Pacholczyk A G, Weymann R J Astrophys. J. 150 L67 (1969)
  150. Barnes T G Astrophys. Lett. 1 171 (1968)
  151. Zaitseva G V, Lyutyi V M Astron. Cirk. (470) 7 (1968)
  152. Lyutyi V M Astron. Zh. 56 918 (1979) [Sov. Astron. 23 518 (1979)]
  153. Lyutyi V M Sov. Sci. Reviews Sect. E Astrophys. Space Phys. Rev. (Ed. R A Sunyaev) 1 61 (1981)
  154. Dokuchaev V I Usp. Fiz. Nauk 161 (6) 1 (1991) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 34 447 (1991)]
  155. Ginzburg V L, Ozernoi L M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47 1030 (1964) [Sov. Phys. JETP 20 689 (1965)]
  156. Zhuravlev V I, Komberg B V Astron. Zh. 76 163 (1999) [Astron. Rep. 43 135 (1999)]
  157. Blandford R D, Znajek R L Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 179 433 (1977)
  158. Kardashev N S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 326 1122 (2001)
  159. Jackson C A, Wall J V Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304 160 (1999)
  160. Beskin V S, Istomin Ya N, Pariev V I Astron. Zh. 69 1258 (1992) [Sov. Astron. 36 642 (1992)]
  161. Istomin Ya N, Komberg B V Astron. Zh. 78 871 (2001) [Astron. Rep. 45 755 (2001)]
  162. Nishikawa K-I et al., in Particles and Fields in Radio Galaxies: Proc. of the Oxford Radio Galaxy Workshop, Oxford, UK, 3 – 5 Aug. 2000 (Astron. Soc. of the Pacific Conf. Ser., Vol. 250, Eds R A Laing, K M Blundell, San Francisco, Calif.: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2002); astro-ph/0202396
  163. Wandel A Astrophys. J. 519 L39 (1999)
  164. Andrillat Y, Souffrin S Astrophys. Lett. 1 111 (1968)
  165. Dibai E A, Esipov V F Astron. Cirk. (349) 1 (1965)
  166. Burbidge E M, Burbidge G R Astrophys. J. 143 271 (1966)
  167. Sharov A S, Efremov Yu N Astron. Zh. 40 950 (1963) [Sov. Astron. 7 727 (1964)]
  168. Smith H J, Hoffeit D Nature 198 650 (1963)
  169. Fabrika S N Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 6 559 (1980) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 6 293 (1980)]
  170. Capriotti E R, Foltz C B, Peterson B M Astrophys. J. 261 35 (1982)
  171. Peterson B M et al. Astrophys. J. 368 119 (1991)
  172. Peterson B M et al. Astrophys. J. 510 659 (1999)
  173. Antonucci R R J, Cohen R D Astrophys. J. 271 564 (1983)
  174. Shapovalova A I et al. Astron. Astrophys. 376 775 (2001)
  175. Wu X-B, Han J L Astrophys. J. 561 L59 (2001)
  176. Lyutyi V M, Oknyanskii V L, Chuvaev K K Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 10 803 (1984) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 10 335 (1984)]
  177. Penston M V, Perez E Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 211 33P (1984)
  178. Sergeev S G, Pronik V I, Sergeeva E A Astrophys. J. 554 245 (2001)
  179. Peterson B M et al. Astrophys. J. 542 161 (2000)
  180. Bochkarev N G, in Trudy Pervoi Vseross. Astronomicheskoi Konf., St. Petersburg, 6 – 12 Avgusta, 2001 (Proc. of the First All-Russian Astronomical Conference, St. Petersburg, 6 – 12 August, 2001, Eds V N Obridko, V V Vityazev, V V Ivanov, St. Petersburg: Izd. SPbGU, 2003, in press)
  181. Bochkarev M G Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 10 574 (1984) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 10 239 (1984)]
  182. Shapovalova A I, Burenkov A N, Bochkarev N G Bull. Special Astrophys. Obs. 41 28 (1996)
  183. Bochkarev N G ASP Conf. Ser. (2003, in press)
  184. Wandel A, Yahil A Astrophys. J. Lett. 295 L1 (1985)
  185. Gebhardt K et al. Astrophys. J. 543 L5 (2000)
  186. Winge C et al. Astrophys. J. 519 134 (1999)
  187. Ferrarese L et al. Astrophys. J. 555 L79 (2001)
  188. McLure R J, Dunlop J S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 331 795 (2002)
  189. Macchetto F D Astrophys. Space Sci. 269 – 270 269 (1999)
  190. Harms R J et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 435 L35 (1994)
  191. Ford H C et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 435 L27 (1994)
  192. Macchetto F et al. Astrophys. J. 489 579 (1997)
  193. Ferrarese L, Ford H C, Jaffe W Astrophys. J. 470 444 (1996)
  194. Bower G A et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 492 L111 (1998)
  195. van der Marel R P, van den Bosch F C Astron. J. 116 2220 (1998)
  196. Barth A J et al. Astrophys. J. 555 685 (2001)
  197. Tremaine S et al. Astrophys. J. 574 740 (2002); astro-ph/0203468
  198. Moran J M, Greenhill L J, Herrnstein J R J. Astrophys. Astron. 20 165 (1999)
  199. Miyoshi M et al. Nature 373 127 (1995)
  200. Ishihara Y et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 53 215 (2001)
  201. Young P J et al. Astrophys. J. 221 721 (1978)
  202. Young P Astrophys. J. 242 1232 (1980)
  203. Peebles P J E Astrophys. J. 178 371 (1972)
  204. Kormendy J, in The Nearest Active Galaxies (Eds J E Beckman, L Colina, H Netzer, Madrid: CSIC Press, 1993) p. 197
  205. Nieto J-L et al. Astron. Astrophys. 244 L25 (1991)
  206. Lauer T R et al. Astron. J. 110 2622 (1995)
  207. Quinlan G D, Hernquist L, Sigurdsson S Astrophys. J. 440 554 (1995)
  208. Duncan M J, Wheeler J C Astrophys. J. Lett. 237 L27 (1980)
  209. Binney J, Mamon G A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 200 361 (1982)
  210. van der Marel R P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 270 271 (1994)
  211. Eckart A, Genzel R, in The Galactic Center: 4th ESO/CTIO Workshop, La Serena, Chile, 10 – 15 March 1996 (ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 102, Ed. R Gredel, San Francisco, Calif.: Astron. Soc. of the Pacific, 1996) p. 196
  212. Eckart A, Genzel R Nature 383 415 (1996)
  213. Eckart A, Genzel R Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 284 576 (1997)
  214. Genzel R et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 291 219 (1997)
  215. Ghez A M et al. Nature 407 349 (2000)
  216. Kormendy J et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 459 L57 (1996)
  217. Kormendy J et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 473 L91 (1996)
  218. van der Marel R P et al. Nature 385 610 (1997)
  219. Ford H C et al., in The Central Regions of the Galaxy and Galaxies (IAU Symp., No. 184, Ed. Y Sofue, Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Acad., 1998) p. 377
  220. Kormendy J, in Galaxy Disks and Disk Galaxies: Proc. of a Conf., Rome, Italy, 12 – 16 June 2000 (ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 230, Eds J G Funes, E M Corsini, San Francisco, Calif.: Astron. Soc. of the Pacific, 2001) p. 247; astro-ph/0007401
  221. Olling R P et al., in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 91
  222. Emsellem E, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 95
  223. van der Marel R P et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 268 521 (1994)
  224. Anders S W, Thatte N, Genzel R, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 88
  225. Oort J H Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15 295 (1977)
  226. Genzel R, Townes C H Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25 377 (1987)
  227. Reid M Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 31 345 (1993)
  228. Munyaneza F, Tsiklauri D, Viollier R D Astrophys. J. 526 744 (1999)
  229. Eckart A et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 331 917 (2002)
  230. Melia F et al. Astrophys. J. 554 L37 (2001)
  231. Lubinski P, Zdziarski A A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 323 L37 (2001)
  232. Pariev V I, Bromley B C Astrophys. J. 508 590 (1998)
  233. Mushotzky R F et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 272 L9 (1995)
  234. Fabian A C, in Theory of Black Hole Accretion Disks (Eds M A Abramowicz, G Björnsson, J E Pringle, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998) p. 123
  235. Usui F, Nishida S, Eriguchi Y Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 301 721 (1998)
  236. Maoz E Astrophys. J. Lett. 494 L181 (1998)
  237. Bilić N, Viollier R D Phys. Lett. B 408 75 (1997)
  238. Bilić N, Viollier R D Gen. Relat. Gravit. 31 1105 (1999)
  239. Munyaneza F, Viollier R D Astrophys. J. 564 274 (2002)
  240. Titarchuk L, Zannias T Astrophys. J. 493 863 (1998)
  241. Czerny B et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 325 865 (2001)
  242. Fabian A C, Rees M J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 277 L55 (1995)
  243. Reynolds C S et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 283 L111 (1996)
  244. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, in Observational Evidence for the Black Holes in the Universe (Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, Vol. 234, Ed. S K Chakrabarti, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1999) p. 1
  245. Ho L C Astrophys. J. 564 120 (2002)
  246. Franceschini A, Vercellone S, Fabian A C Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 297 817 (1998)
  247. Cattaneo A, Haehnelt M G, Rees M J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 308 77 (1999)
  248. Magorrian J et al. Astron. J. 115 2285 (1998)
  249. Merritt D, Ferrarese L Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 320 L30 (2001)
  250. McLeod K K, in Quasar Hosts: Proc. of the ESO-IAC Conf., Tenerife, Spain, 24 – 27 Sept. 1996 (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds D L Clements, I Pérez-Fournon, Berlin: Springer, 1997) p. 45
  251. Wandel A Astrophys. J. 565 762 (2002)
  252. Laor A Astrophys. J. 553 677 (2001)
  253. Graham A W et al. Astrophys. J. 563 L11 (2001)
  254. Merritt D, Ferrarese L Astrophys. J. 547 140 (2001)
  255. Merrifield M R, Forbes D A, Terlevich A I Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 313 L29 (2000)
  256. Umemura M Astrophys. J. 560 L29 (2001)
  257. Salucci P et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 307 637 (1999)
  258. Sarzi M et al. Astrophys. J. 550 65 (2001)
  259. Lu Y, Yu Q Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 324 653 (2001)
  260. Salucci P et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 317 488 (2000)
  261. Cherepashchuk A M et al. Highly Evolved Close Binary Stars Vol. 1 Catalog (Adv. in Astron. and Astrophys., Vol. 1, Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1996)
  262. Kuulkers E et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 306 919 (1999)
  263. Goranskii V P et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 22 413 (1996) [Astron. Lett. 22 371 (1996)]
  264. Hynes R I et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 330 1009 (2002)
  265. Tanaka Y, Shibazaki N Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34 607 (1996)
  266. Tanaka Y, in Disk Instabilities in Close Binary Systems: 25 Years of the Disk-Instability Model (Frontiers Sci. Ser., No. 26, Eds S Mineshige, J C Wheeler, Tokyo: Universal Acad. Press, 1999) p. 21
  267. Kato S, Fukue J, Mineshige S Black-Hole Accretion Disks (Kyoto: Kyoto Univ. Press, 1998)
  268. Chen W, Shrader C R, Livio M Astrophys. J. 491 312 (1997)
  269. van Paradijs J Astrophys. J. Lett. 464 L139 (1996)
  270. Sunyaev R A et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 14 771 (1988) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 14 327 (1988)]
  271. Sunyaev R et al. Astron. Astrophys. 247 L29 (1991)
  272. Sunyaev R et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 383 L49 (1991)
  273. Sunyaev R et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 389 L75 (1992)
  274. Sunyaev R A et al. Astron. Astrophys. 280 L1 (1993)
  275. Sunyaev R A et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 20 890 (1994) [Astron. Lett. 20 777 (1994)]
  276. Grebenev S A et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 17 985 (1991) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 17 413 (1991)]
  277. Grebenev S et al. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 97 281 (1993)
  278. Grebenev S A, Sunyaev R A, Pavlinsky M N Adv. Space Res. 19 15 (1997)
  279. van der Klis M Astrophys. J. Suppl. 92 511 (1994)
  280. Nowak M A Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 107 1207 (1995)
  281. Tanaka Y, Lewin W H G, in X-Ray Binaries (Cambridge Astrophys. Ser., Vol. 26, Eds W H G Lewin, J van Paradijs, E P J van den Heuvel, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995) p. 126
  282. van Paradijs J et al. Astron. Astrophys. 182 47 (1987)
  283. McClintock J E, Horne K, Remillard R A Astrophys. J. 442 358 (1995)
  284. Narayan R, Barret D, McClintock J E Astrophys. J. 482 448 (1977)
  285. Narayan R, Garcia M R, McClintock J E Astrophys. J. Lett. 478 L79 (1997)
  286. Asai K et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 50 611 (1998)
  287. Herrero A et al. Astron. Astrophys. 297 556 (1995)
  288. Esin A A, McClintock J E, Narayan R Astrophys. J. 489 865 (1997)
  289. Titarchuk L Astrophys. J. 434 570 (1994)
  290. Fender R P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 322 301 (2001)
  291. Fender R P, Kuulkers E Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 324 923 (2001)
  292. Trushkin S A Astron. Astrophys. Trans. 19 525 (2000)
  293. Ebisawa K et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 46 375 (1994)
  294. Belloni T et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 472 L107 (1996)
  295. Miyamoto S et al. Astrophys. J. 383 784 (1991)
  296. Gilfanov M et al. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 97 303 (1993)
  297. Grebenev S A, Sunyaev R A, Pavlinsky M N, in Proc. of the Workshop on Nova Muscae, Lyngby, Danemark, May 14 – 16, 1991 (Ed. S Brandt, Lyngby: Danish Space Res. Inst., 1991) p. 19
  298. Zycki P T, Done C, Smith D A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 309 561 (1999)
  299. Grebenev S A, Sunyaev R A, Pavlinskii M N Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 18 11 (1992) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 18 5 (1992)]
  300. Gil’fanov M R, Thesis for Doctorate of Physico-Mathematical Sciences (Moscow: Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1995) p. 167
  301. Orosz J A et al. Astrophys. J. 555 489 (2001)
  302. Wagner R M et al. Astrophys. J. 556 42 (2001)
  303. Greiner J, Cuby J G, McCaughrean M J Nature 414 522 (2001)
  304. In’t Zand J J M et al. Astron. Astrophys. 357 520 (2000)
  305. Markwardt C B, Swank J H, Marshall F E IAU Circular (7120) 1 (1999)
  306. Hjellming R M et al. Astrophys. J. 544 977 (2000)
  307. Goranskii V P Astron. Cirk. (1024) 3 (1978)
  308. Goranskij V P Inform. Bull. Var. Stars (3464) 1 (1990)
  309. Israelian G et al. Nature 401 142 (1999)
  310. Uemura M et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 42 L15 (2000)
  311. Garcia M et al. IAU Circular (7392) 2 (2000)
  312. van Paradijs J, White N Astrophys. J. Lett. 447 L33 (1995)
  313. Grimm H-J, Gilfanov M, Sunyaev R Astron. Astrophys. 391 923 (2002); astro-ph/0109239
  314. Rhoades C E (Jr), Ruffini R Phys. Rev. Lett. 32 324 (1974)
  315. Mirabel I F et al. Nature 413 139 (2001)
  316. Naik S et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 330 487 (2002)
  317. Fender R P et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 330 212 (2002)
  318. Schmutz W, Geballe T R, Schild H Astron. Astrophys. 111 L25 (1996)
  319. Cherepashchuk A M, Moffat A F J Astrophys. J. Lett. 424 L53 (1994)
  320. Hanson M M, Still M D, Fender R P Astrophys. J. 541 308 (2000)
  321. Charles P, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 27
  322. Orosz J A et al., in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 59
  323. Greene J, Bailyn C D, Orosz J A Astrophys. J. 554 1290 (2001)
  324. Casares J et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 329 29 (2002)
  325. Taylor J H, Weisberg J M Astrophys. J. 253 908 (1982)
  326. Phinney E S Astrophys. J. Lett. 380 L17 (1991)
  327. Thorsett S E, Chakrabarty D Astrophys. J. 512 288 (1999)
  328. van Kerkwijk M H, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 39
  329. Martynov D Ya Usp. Fiz. Nauk 108 701 (1972) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 15 786 (1973)]
  330. Brandt W N, Podsiadlowski Ph, Sigurdsson S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 277 L35 (1995)
  331. Mirabel I F et al. Nature 358 215 (1992)
  332. Mirabel I F, Rodriguez L F Nature 371 46 (1994)
  333. Hjellming R M, Rupen M P Nature 375 464 (1995)
  334. Castro-Tirado A J, Greiner J, Paredes J M (Eds) Microquasars: Proc. of the 3rd Microquasar Workshop: Granada Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources, Granada, Spain, 11 – 13 Sept. 2000 (Astrophys. and Space Sci., Vol. 276, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2001)
  335. Carramiñana A, Reimer O, Thompson D J (Eds) The Nature of Unidentified Galactic High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources: Proc. of the Workshop, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México, 9 – 11 October 2000 (Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, Vol. 267, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2001)
  336. Rodríguez L F, Mirabel I F, in The Nature of Unidentified Galactic High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources: Proc. of the Workshop, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México, 9 – 11 October 2000 (Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, Vol. 267, Eds A Carramiñana, O Reimer, D J Thompson, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2001) p. 245
  337. Durouchoux Ph Astrophys. Space Sci. 276 (Suppl. 1) 91 (2001)
  338. Mioduszewski A J et al. Astrophys. J. 553 766 (2001); astro-ph/0102018
  339. de la Force C et al. Astrophys. Space Sci. 276 (Suppl. 1) 121 (2001)
  340. Stirling A M et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 327 1273 (2001)
  341. Sunyaev R, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 113
  342. Belloni T, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 125
  343. Tanaka Y, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 141
  344. Sunyaev R, Revnivtsev M Astron. Astrophys. 358 617 (2000)
  345. Barret D et al. Astrophys. J. 394 615 (1992)
  346. Syunyaev R A, Shakura N I Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 12 286 (1986) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 12 117 (1986)]
  347. Sibgatullin N R, Sunyaev R A Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 24 894 (1998) [Astron. Lett. 24 774 (1998)]
  348. Lightman A P Astrophys. J. 194 429 (1974)
  349. Shakura N I, Suniaev R A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 175 613 (1976)
  350. Luo C, Liang E P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 266 386 (1994)
  351. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, Blinnikov S I Astron. Astrophys. 59 111 (1977)
  352. Done C et al. Astrophys. J. 395 275 (1992)
  353. Sunyaev R A et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 17 975 (1991) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 17 409 (1991)]
  354. McClintock J E, in Texas/ESO-CERN Symp. on Relativistic Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Fundamental Physics (Ann. of the New York Acad. of Sci., Vol. 647, Eds J D Barrow, L Mestel, P A Thomas, New York: New York Acad. of Sci., 1991) p. 495
  355. Katsova M M, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 77 909 (2000) [Astron. Rep. 44 804 (2000)]
  356. Bildsten L, Rutledge R E Astrophys. J. 541 908 (2000)
  357. Robertson S L, Leiter D J Astrophys. J. 565 447 (2002); astro-ph/0102381
  358. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S et al. Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 4 81 (1978) [Sov. Astron. Lett. 4 43 (1978)]
  359. Borozdin K N, Trudolyubov S P Astrophys. J. 533 L131 (2000)
  360. Wijnands R et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 328 451 (2001)
  361. Kanbach G et al. Nature 414 180 (2001)
  362. Morgan E H, Remillard R A, Greiner J Astrophys. J. 482 993 (1997)
  363. Remillard R A et al. Astrophys. J. 522 397 (1999)
  364. Nowak M A et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. 477 L91 (1997)
  365. Cui W, Zhang S N, Chen W Astrophys. J. Lett. 492 L53 (1998)
  366. Ruffini R et al. Astrophys. J. 555 L113 (2001); astro-ph/0106532
  367. Ruffini R et al. Astrophys. J. 555 L107 (2001); astro-ph/0106531
  368. Ruffini R, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 334
  369. Lee H K, Lee C H, van Putten M H P M, astro-ph/0009239
  370. Weinberg E J, in Advances in the Interplay between Quantum and Gravity Physics (NATO Sci. Series. Ser II, Vol. 60, Eds P G Bergmann, V de Sabbata, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2002) p. 523; gr-gc/0106030
  371. Volkov M S, Gal’tsov D V Phys. Rep. 319 1 (1999)
  372. Beskin V S, Kuznetsova I V Nuovo Cimento B 115 795 (2000)
  373. Punsly B, in The Nature of Unidentified Galactic High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources: Proc. of the Workshop, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México, 9 – 11 October 2000 (Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, Vol. 267, Eds A Carramiñana, O Reimer, D J Thompson, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2001) p. 271
  374. Zhang S N, Cui W, Chen W Astrophys. J. Lett. 482 L155 (1997)
  375. McClintock J E AIP Conf. Proc. 431 290 (1998)
  376. Barret D et al. Astrophys. Space Sci. 276 (Suppl. 1) 305 (2001)
  377. Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 78 145 (2001) [Astron. Rep. 45 120 (2001)]
  378. Cherepashchuk A M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 172 959 (2002) [Phys. Usp. 45 896 (2002)]
  379. Bailyn C D et al. Astrophys. J. 499 367 (1998)
  380. Cherepashchuk A, in Modern Problems of Stellar Evolution: Proc. of the Intern. Conf. in Honour of Prof. A.G. Massevitch’s 80th Birthday, Zvenigorod, Russia, 13 – 15 October 1998 (Ed. D S Wiebe, Moscow: GEOS, 1998) p. 198
  381. Barziv O et al. Astron. Astrophys. 377 925 (2001)
  382. Wijers R A M J, in Evolutionary Processes in Binary Stars (NATO ASI Series. Ser. C, Vol. 477, Eds R A M J Wijers, M B Davies, C A Tout, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad., 1996) p. 327
  383. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, in Proc. of the ESO Workshop on the SN 1987 A, Garching bei München, FRG, 6 – 8 July 1987 (ESO Conf. and Workshop Proc., Vol. 26, Ed. I J Danziger, Garching bei München: European Southern Observatory, 1987) p. 347
  384. Brown G E, Bethe H A Astrophys. J. 423 659 (1994)
  385. Brown G E, Weingartner J C, Wijers R A M J Astrophys. J. 463 297 (1996)
  386. Woosley S E, Langer N, Weaver T A Astrophys. J. 411 823 (1993)
  387. Woosley S E, Langer N, Weaver T A Astrophys. J. 448 315 (1995)
  388. Cherepashchuk A M, Khaliullin Kh F, Eaton J A Astrophys. J. 281 774 (1984)
  389. Cherepashchuk A M, in Wolf – Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies (IAU Symp., No. 143, Eds K A van der Hucht, B Hidayat, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad., 1991) p. 280
  390. Antokhin I I, Kholtygin A F, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 65 558 (1988) [Sov. Astron. 32 285 (1988)]
  391. Nugis T, Crowther P A, Willis A J Astron. Astrophys. 333 956 (1998)
  392. Beekman G et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 290 303 (1997)
  393. Reynolds A P et al. Astron. Astrophys. 349 873 (1999)
  394. Kaper L, Cherepashchuk A, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 289
  395. Tagieva S O et al. Astron. Astrophys. Trans. 19 123 (2000)
  396. Shore S N, Livio M, van den Heuvel E P J Interacting Binaries (Saas-Free Adv. Course 22 Lecture Notes, 1992, Eds H Nussbaumer, A Orr, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994)
  397. Alpar M A et al. Nature 300 728 (1982)
  398. Iben I (Jr), Tutukov A V, Yungelson L R Astrophys. J. Suppl. 100 217 (1995)
  399. Iben I (Jr), Tutukov A V, Yungelson L R Astrophys. J. Suppl. 100 233 (1995)
  400. Tavani M Astrophys. J. Lett. 366 L27 (1991)
  401. Paczynski B, in Wolf – Rayet and High-Temperature Stars (IAU Symp., No. 49, Eds M K V Bappu, J Sahade, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ. Co, 1973) p. 143
  402. Conti P S Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 9 (6) 193 (1976)
  403. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, Nadyozhin D K Astrophys. Space Sci. 15 353 (1972)
  404. Chevalier R A Space Sci. Rev. 74 289 (1995)
  405. Tutukov A V, Yungel’son L R Nauchnye Informatsii Astrosoveta Akad. Nauk SSSR (27) 58 (1973)
  406. van den Heuvel E P J, in Structure and Evolution of Close Binary Systems (IAU Symp., No. 73, Eds P Eggleton, S Mitton, J Whelan, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ. Co., 1976) p. 35
  407. van den Heuvel E P J, Habets G M H J Nature 309 598 (1984)
  408. Wellstein S, Langer N Astron. Astrophys. 350 148 (1999)
  409. Lipunov V M, Postnov K A, Prokhorov M E The Scenario Machine: Binary Star Population Synthesis (Astrophys. and Space Phys. Rev., Vol. 17, Ed. R A Sunyaev, Amsterdam: Harwood Acad. Publ., 1996)
  410. Portegies Zwart S F, Verbunt F, Ergma E Astron. Astrophys. 321 207 (1997)
  411. Ergma E, van den Heuvel E P J Astron. Astrophys. Lett. 331 L29 (1998)
  412. Eggleton P P, Verbunt F Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 220 13P (1986)
  413. Langer N Astron. Astrophys. 220 135 (1989)
  414. Moffat A F J, in Wolf – Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution (IAU Symp., No. 163, Eds K A van der Hucht, P M Williams, Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad., 1995) p. 213
  415. Moffat A F J et al. Astrophys. J. 334 1038 (1988)
  416. Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 67 955 (1990) [Sov. Astron. 34 481 (1990)]
  417. Richardson D et al. Astron. J. 123 745 (2002); astro-ph/0112051
  418. Tutukov A V, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 62 1124 (1985) [Sov. Astron. 29 654 (1985)]
  419. Imshennik V S Space Sci. Rev. 74 325 (1995)
  420. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S Astron. Zh. 47 813 (1970) [Sov. Astron. 14 652 (1971)]
  421. Harries T J, Hillier D J, Howarth I D Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 296 1072 (1998)
  422. Postnov K A, Prokhorov M E Astron. Zh. 78 1025 (2001) [Astron. Rep. 45 899 (2001)]
  423. Fryer C L, Kalogera V Astrophys. J. 554 548 (2001)
  424. Balberg S, Zampieri L, Shapiro S L Astrophys. J. 541 860 (2000)
  425. Postnov K A, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 78 602 (2001) [Astron. Rep. 45 517 (2001)]
  426. Gershtein S S Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 26 848 (2000) [Astron. Lett. 26 730 (2000)]
  427. Miller M C, Hamilton D P Astrophys. J. 576 894 (2002); astro-ph/0202298
  428. van der Marel R P, in Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography, and Formation (ESO Astrophys. Symposia, Eds L Kaper, E P J van den Heuvel, P A Woudt, Berlin: Springer, 2001) p. 246
  429. Shvartsman V F Soobshcheniya SAO (19) 5 (1977)
  430. Grishchuk L P et al. Usp. Fiz. Nauk 171 3 (2001) [Phys. Usp. 44 3 (2001)]
  431. Hughes S A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 331 805 (2002)
  432. Gnedin Iu N, Sunyaev R A Astron. Astrophys. 36 379 (1974)
  433. Bao G, Wiita P J, Hadrava P Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 12 (1996)
  434. Costa E et al. Nature 411 662 (2001)
  435. Bogdanov M B, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 79 693 (2002) [Astron. Rep. 46 626 (2002)]
  436. Schödel R et al. Nature 419 694 (2002)
  437. Tadhunter C et al., astro-ph/0302513
  438. McLure R J, Jarvis M J Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 337 109 (2002)
  439. Edelson R et al. Astrophys. J. 568 610 (2002)
  440. Shin D C, Iwasawa K, Fabian A C, astro-ph/0302108
  441. Filippenko A V, Ho L C, astro-ph/0303429
  442. van der Marel R P, astro-ph/0302101
  443. Xie G Z et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 334 459 (2002)
  444. Verolme E K et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 335 517 (2002)
  445. Fabian A C et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 335 L1 (2002)
  446. Yu Q, Tremaine S Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 335 965 (2002)
  447. Wu X-B, Liu F K, Zhang T Z Astron. Astrophys. 389 742 (2002)
  448. Gies D R, Huang W, McSwain M V Astrophys. J. 578 L67 (2002)
  449. Orosz J A et al. Astrophys. J. 568 845 (2002)
  450. Filippenko A V, Chornock R IAU Circ. (7644) 2 (2001)
  451. Garcia M R et al., astro-ph/0302230
  452. Bogdanov M B, Cherepashchuk A M Astron. Zh. 79 1109 (2002) [Astron. Rep. 79 996 (2002)]
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions